UDC 336.74:331.556.46:332.1; JEL D10, H31
Kluchnyk, L. V. (2018). Potentsial vykorystannya mihratsiynoho kapitalu yak resursu rozvytku ekonomiky rehionu [Potential of the use of migration capital as a resource for the development of the region’s economy]. Rehional'na ekonomika - Regional Economy, 90 (4), 103-109. Retrieved from http://re.gov.ua/doi/re2018.04.103.php. [in Ukrainian].

Authors

Resume

The labor migration is one of the factors that increase household incomes. Given the fact that the scale of external labor migration is 14-15% of the total population, it can be argued that income from labor migration in modern conditions is an essential source of aggregate household incomes. The dynamics of the main indicators of Ukrainian labor migration abroad has been tracked. According to the calculations of the National Bank of Poland, the total earnings of Ukrainians in Poland in 2016 amounted to 12.6 billion zloty against 3.6 billion in 2013. The amount of transfers to Ukraine amounted to 8.1 billion zloty (2.22 billion dollars USA), or 2.5 times more than in 2013. These funds play an important role in the social shock absorber, which is a factor in counteracting the poverty of many Ukrainian households. The growing tendency of activation of migration flows in recent years has been substantiated. From 2007 to 2013, the volumes of transfers to Ukraine have steady dynamics to increase, and the decrease in this indicator in 2009 is due to the impact of the financial crisis. In 2014-2015 there was a sharp decline in the indicator, which is explained by the difficult situation in the country. And since 2016, the volume of transfers has increased again. An estimation of remittances of labor migrants to Ukraine by sources of formation and by channels of receipt is carried out. The scale of domestic labor migration and the volume of migration capital are considered. The main directions of using remittances of labor migrants by households of Ukraine are outlined and analyzed. Ukraine receives significant sums of private transfers from abroad. According to the National Bank of Ukraine, in 2016, 5.4 billion dollars were redeployed to the country. The emphasis is placed on the financial and administrative levers of state money transfer policy. The directions of attraction of labor migrants’ remittances for the development of the country are investigated. The necessity of state regulation of migration processes in the context of capital migration is proved. The foreign experience, for example, the countries of Latin America, the Baltic States and the USA concerning the use of migration capital is considered.

Keywords:

labor migrants, migration capital, money transfers of labor migrants, private transfers, money transfer channels

References


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