For over 70 years, trade experts have sought to separate geopolitics and trade. Due to the shift in government priorities towards protectionism – a trend observed in the global economy in recent years following the 2008 Global Financial Crisis – approaches to defining the term “geoeconomics” as a conceptual category of trade policy and international trade research have changed. The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of global geopolitical crises on the challenges of securing global value chains with energy resources. The article examines the impact of geopolitical crises and sanctions regimes on the stability and functioning of global value chains in the energy sector. It reveals the content and transformation of the concept of “geoeconomics” in the context of modern trade policy focused on risks and economic security. It is determined that geo-economic policy is increasingly being used as a tool to achieve geopolitical goals, which contradicts the principles of the multilateral trading system and negatively affects global energy supply chains. The consequences of trade conflicts between the US and China, the COVID-19 pandemic, and full-scale Russian aggression against Ukraine for energy markets and trade in renewable energy sources are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the European Union’s initiatives (in particular, the REPowerEU plan) to reduce dependence on Russian energy sources, develop green energy, and strengthen energy security. It has been found that sanctions policy targeting the Russian energy sector has led to a large-scale regrouping of global energy flows, changes in trade patterns, and increased investment in renewable energy. It has been proven that the formation of a new architecture of energy value chains requires a balance between economic efficiency, political stability, and resilience to geopolitical risks. 

geoeconomics, global value chains, energy security, sanctions policy, renewable energy, trade risks