Сurrent article, probably for the first time, analyzes the model of state-building, where the nation is considered to be conscious of its national idea of the future development. It argues that based on this Idea, the stratagems for building a nation-state of indigenous people with all the proper attributes are being developed. The title nation living in this state has an exclusive (exceptional) natural, cultural, religious and historical right to self-determination and protection. The paper notes that in a process of elimination of imperial assimilation barriers, these stratagems perform three fundamental and at the same time interrelated functions of spiritual revival: consolidation of the nation, its identification and integration into a civilized world. Everything impeding the realization of these core functions for national progress is stressed to be a remnant of the hostile neighbourhood of the past, which contemporaries must not keep for the future generation to attain a better future. In this context, an integrated approach to the National Idea is proposed as a set of integral stratagems of national progress, which made it possible to highlight the corresponding priorities of building a national state in each block of stratagems. For example, in the unity bloc - to return the peace and integrity of the country; in the defense of “ukrainianness” – not only to adopt, but also actually implement the law on the Ukrainian language, speed up de-communization, strengthen security in particularly in the national information space. As for the “dignity” bloc, one should not only “not embrace”, but also adhere to the vector of civilizational development, achieve admission to NATO, the EU, achieve high socio-economic living standards of people of developed countries, indicators of their well-being and recreation, protect their health; and at the same time - develop their own strength and resources. The achievement of the planned indicators before Ukraine admittance to NATO and EU, which constitute its homework, affects not only the named blocks of stratagems, but also the structure of global and regional factors, exclusive barriers that still lie in the field of Ukrainian studies of virgin land. In the paper the conclusion is made that in the conditions of an aggressive external environment and continued imperial support of the “fifth columns” in Ukraine - this poses a great danger to state sovereignty, national identity and European-NATO integration. Moreover, further disregard for them is deadly as a continuation of any war and imperial assimilation. In the circumstances of the hybrid war of Russia against Ukraine, it is vital for a person individually, existentially for a nation as a social community of people and globally dangerous for the development of the cultural diversity of humanity as a whole. Comprehensive account of these, triple-connected processes, is of great importance for developing an effective road map for the ultimate exit of Kyiv from the orbit of Moscow’s imperial claims, enhancing the self-exclusive subjectivity of Ukraine, and accelerating its accession to the number of free countries of the world.
Ukrainian National Idea, stratagems for nation-state building, barriers to national identity protection, information space
The tendencies of development of the world economy and its influence on structural and qualitative changes of regional cluster systems are analyzed. Globalization is characterized as one of the most powerful factors that determines the further development of socio-economic systems, promotes the interdependence of national economies and the creation of highly effective mechanisms for their integration into a single world economic space. The emphasis is on its inevitability and consequences for business entities. The role of clusters in international economic expansion and in combining the potential of science, business and the state to ensure socio-economic development of regions is shown. Transformation processes in cluster systems are systematized, periodicity of cluster structures development is considered, and their influence on regional development is established. International cluster is defined as an international integrated structure based on the interaction of legally independent enterprises of various industries focused on the global world market of resources and consumers that are combined by the introduction of modern technologies into all areas. The peculiarities of the digital economy manifestation, which is developing at an exponential rate and radically changing the essence of business, are highlighted. The preconditions, advantages and problem aspects of digitization of economic processes are outlined, its influence on the conditions of functioning and structural changes of cluster systems as the basis for the development of a new type of world economy is revealed. The paper reveals that regional economy clustering and digitalization should be targeted at overcoming the resistance to changes, being supported by independent scientific and technological research and having the cultural digital imperative to be successful in the model of digital transformation in global economic space.
globalization, regional clusters, international clusters, solid information economy, digital economy, digitalization
The paper presents the results of scientific research «Structural change as a basis of inclusive economic development of Ukraine» in terms of regional aspects. The concept of inclusive economic development is a new paradigm which can substitute traditional and outdated approaches to social and economic development measurement (as GDP for example). Leading international organizations and institutions conduct studies on different aspects of inclusiveness, such as: OECD, United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the European Commission, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Economic Forum (WEF), World Bank, International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG). In the presented scientific paper, the regional aspects and trends of inclusive economic development are brought to a focus. An analytical overview of the most representative and important international indices and ratings, relevant to the subject of study, which contain Ukrainian data, is presented. Among the most important indexes are: The Legatum Prosperity Index, The Global Competitiveness Index, The Global Innovation Index, Index of Economic Freedom, Doing Business Index etc. Also authors present approaches to assessing the level of Ukrainian regions’ inclusive development in the context of sustainable development goals (SDG). The methodology is modified by the authors on the ground of the Inclusive Development Index (by World Economic Forum). Inclusive Regional Development index of Ukraine (IRD) developed and presented by authors makes it possible to assess the regional characteristics of the seven key socio-economic areas: Economy, Business, Education, Health, Security & Defense, Environment, Social Capital. The key problem areas are identified. Directions of State structural policies are suggested to achieve the goals of inclusive development based on regional characteristics. The authors identified key problems and justification to promote the regions towards inclusiveness and sustainability.
inclusiveness, regional development, sustainable development goals, economic growth, equality
The paper characterizes the nature of public regional policy in terms of strengthening of competitiveness and economic security in conditions of decentralization reform. It reveals the problems of institutional background of administrative and territorial reform and shows the threats to economic security of territorial communities. Methodical approaches to organization of monitoring of regional competitiveness and economic security parameters are outlined. The paper argues that suggested estimation indicators can become the ground for assessment of competitiveness and economic security condition in the regions, for detecting of bottlenecks and weaknesses and for elimination of threats. Main threats to realization of competitive advantages and maintaining of economic security in Ukrainian territorial communities are presented and a set of measures to implement efficient regional policy of economy competitiveness increase and economic security maintenance in territorial communities is suggested. The paper provides evidence that reforming of regional development policy should secure: transition from a “single center” policy to consideration of multi-hierarchy interests of economic entities at regional level based on the principle of vertical and horizontal coordination of measures of regional development stimulation and regional security strengthening; complex regulating impact based on the use of hybrid tools and mechanisms of regional development and security stimulation. The paper confirms that the following should become the priorities of such policy in conditions of decentralization: optimization of territorial basics of public authority with distribution of competences of local executive authorities and local governments; improving of regions residents’ life quality, reducing of differentiation by human development index and forming of polycentric system of territorial development; implementation of interregional projects and programs of efficient use of local resources; introduction of criteria of “problem” territories’ assessment in regions as well as efficient mechanisms of public support of interregional integration. Special attention is paid to the fact a region’s economy competitiveness is largely determined not only by its ability to “win” in competition with similar economic systems of the country, but by participation in megaregional groupings as well.
economic security, region, regions’ competitiveness, decentralization, territorial community
Light industry is one of the basic strategic segments of national economy, providing 5% of budget revenues and 2.6% of Ukrainian merchandise exports. The purpose of the article is to develop proposals to stimulate the development of light industry in Ukraine on the basis of an assessment of the dynamics of its performance at regional level in the context of main results of production and foreign economic activity. The results of the analysis of production activity in the light industry showed the relative stability of the structure of sales volumes in Ukraine, in which in 2018 clothing production accounted for 41.91%, textile production – 35.64% and leather production – 22.45%. The regional structure of domestic light industry remains little diversified. Export potential of light industry of Ukraine is mainly concentrated in two regions – Lviv (25.48%) and Transcarpathia (17.75%). The peculiarity of Ukrainian exports of light industry goods is the high proportion of finished goods made of toll materials. Hence, the priority task for ensuring the development of domestic light industry is to restore (with further increase) the raw materials production for textile and other industries in Ukraine. To solve this problem, it is necessary to create or modernize the facilities for processing wool, flax, industrial hemp, cotton, as well as for production of artificial and synthetic fibers that should be concentrated in regions with favorable conditions for their cultivation and harvesting. These are the mountainous regions of the Carpathians (wool production), as well as Ternopil, Volyn, Polissia, Kherson and others. The organizational form of implementation of such initiatives should be the creation of agro-industrial parks that operate based on the activities of large and medium-sized enterprises for production and processing of raw materials for needs of light industry. On the other hand, cooperation is a promising form of stimulating the development of small agricultural enterprises (small farmers or individuals).
The article considers the concept of startups and ecosystems of startup development. It investigates the innovativeness ratings of countries and regional ecosystems of startups and the factors influencing the successful development of startups. The article considers the ranking of the best regional startup ecosystems in the world. It covers the experience of the leading regions, whose effectiveness is driven by attention to financing, networking, expanding access to markets, attracting and nurturing talents, accumulating experience and scientific development. Particular attention is given to the impact of the specialization and effectiveness of the regional focus strategy. Based on the methodology and results of the Global Startup Ecosystem Ranking 2019, authors have empirically investigated the startup ecosystem of the Lviv city. Authors described and systemized the startups operating in the city, the elements, and dynamics of the urban startup infrastructure. The preconditions for successful development of startups - financing, talents, experience, connectedness, access to markets - have been identified. The effectiveness of the activity of city authorities, the local policy of promoting the startup environment development - documents, measures and results – have been investigated. The main factors of Lviv’s regional leadership in the development of digital startups in Ukraine are: the dynamic development of the IT industry, the development of digital competencies and the concentration of talent in leading universities, the development of corporate universities and innovative infrastructure, the development of infrastructure and comfort in the city. For the development of the Lviv startup ecosystem, it is recommended to focus the efforts on further accumulation and transfer of experience, retention of talents, improvement of technology transfer systems, focusing on areas of exclusive competence while expanding access to finance and the global market.
startup, startup ecosystem, government startup support, business incubators, innovation infrastructure, venture financing, smart city
Considering the important role of tourism in the socio-economic development of regions, the need for information and modeling of ways to increase demand for tourism services and tourism development is being updated. The article uses methods of analytical, logical, comparative analysis and systematic approach to study trends in demand for tourist services in Ukraine. Econometric modeling analyzes the demand for tourism services by the level of income and expenditures of the population in 2018. Trends in demand for tourism services in 2018 in terms of income and expenditure of the population with the use of the Tornquist econometric model have been analyzed. It is proposed to use the decile groups of the population for analyzing income and expenditure by the level of income, total income per capita, the level of household expenditure relative to income, the percentage of tourism expenditure by households, the expenditure on tourism and the elasticity of tourism demand. Average values of the population’s expenditures on tourism were established, which helped to determine the elasticity of effective demand for each decile group. The more than one unit of elasticity of effective tourism demand for each decile group indicated that tourism services for domestic households belong to the group of luxury goods and services. It should be noted that in the following decile income groups of households there is a decrease in elasticity. It means that when income tends to increase indefinitely, elasticity coefficients fall, and this indicates a stabilization of costs of this type. In this case, the percentage of households in each decile group that recorded the costs of organized tourism in their budgets and the value of the probability of household participation in this form of recreation was determined based on an estimated probability model. An analysis of the values of income elasticity indicators in each income decile group has shown that increasing household incomes contribute to increased demand for tourism services and an increase in the share of expenditures for these purposes in household budgets.
tourism industry of Ukraine, touristic services, income and expenditure of the population, modeling, elasticity of demand
Increasing demand for food products, globalization of markets, trade liberalization, technological changes in the methods of production and storage of food products require the deepening of research of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the development of agrifood systems at different levels. Taking into account the clearly expressed regional heterogeneity of development of agrifood sector of Ukrainian economy, as well as increasing role and importance of regional level of management in the modern economy, the characteristic features of agriindustrial, territorial and hybrid paradigms of regional systems development are considered in the paper in the context of post-nonclassical methodology. Significant extension of the concept of “development of regional agrifood systems”, which in modern interpretation covers not only traditional issues of organization of production, processing and marketing of agrifood products, but also such subject areas as food security, social inclusivity, nature protection and rural development is outlined. Bortis’s scheme reflecting the ordering of individual elements of reality according to their stability over time was used to analyze the selected paradigms. Particular attention is paid to highlighting the institutional aspects of the development of regional agrifood systems and the role of civil society in this process. It is also noted that the hybrid paradigm, which combines elements of agriindustrial and territorial paradigms and takes into account the incompleteness of transitional processes, is the most suitable for implementation in Ukraine, where during the years of post-socialist transformations the dualistic model of the agrifood sector functioning has been established. Priority directions of research of prospects of development of regional agrifood systems under conditions of strategic rapprochement of Ukraine with the European Union are highlighted.
regional agrifood systems, alternative food networks, development paradigm, post-nonclassical methodology, institutional approach, civil society
Prospects for the development of united territorial communities in Ukraine and their financial support have been identified and investigated. Attention is drawn to the success of the process of budget decentralization, which largely depends on the financial capacity of local governments, which determines the performance of the functions entrusted to them. The general dynamics of the expenditures of the Consolidated Budget of Ukraine for the maintenance of public administration is analyzed. The efficiency of public administration and control over corruption in Ukraine is calculated. The expenditures per a unit of management of the united territorial communities of the Carpathian region and the united territorial communities of Central Ukraine (per capita and the share of expenditures on public administration in their own revenues) are examined. The analysis shows that the lowest share of public administration expenditures in own revenues (excluding transfers) is peculiar to communities with high financial capacity. United territorial communities with small territory and little population tend to have low financial capacity, and therefore high levels of share of public administration expenditures in their own revenues (excluding transfers). The exception is some small communities where the budget-forming companies are located. The paper proves that the united territorial communities of the Carpathian region in comparison with the united territorial communities of Central Ukraine are characterized by a high share of management expenditures compared to the average Ukrainian value. It is determined that the share of public administration expenditures in own revenues (excluding transfers) is lower with higher financial capacity of the budget, since such expenditures are relatively constant. The author suggests one of the best options for further development for communities, namely joining them with other territorial communities and creating a territorial community of larger size and population, optimizing the number of employees in public administration and the expenses for their maintenance.
united territorial communities, public administration bodies, expenditures for maintenance of public administration bodies, own revenues of united territorial communities, expenditures for maintenance of public administration, efficiency of public administration
The article substantiates that the term financial decentralization remains insufficiently defined in the studies of Ukrainian scientists. In particular, the concepts of “financial decentralization”, “fiscal decentralization”, “budget decentralization” in domestic economic science are used in parallel. At the same time, it is argued that financial decentralization, compared to budget and fiscal ones, is a broader concept, encompassing the entire system of financial interaction between the state and local governments. The analysis of the financial decentralization process in Ukraine is presented. The stages of financial decentralization in Ukraine are distinguished; dynamics of local budget revenues and expenditures in the context of financial decentralization is outlined; efficiency of financial decentralization processes is determined. Characterization of key provisions of the adopted legislation, which became the basis for financial relations transformation in the country and its regions, allowed to identify the stages of financial decentralization process with the definition of time limits: the first stage – the formation of the financial decentralization policy (1991-2000); the second is the convergence of centrifugal processes (2001-2009); the third is the renovation of decentralization processes (2010-2014); the fourth is the financial decentralization activation (since 2015). The analysis of the dynamics indicators of local budgets` revenues showed that over the past five years, the financial decentralization level of local budgets has increased due to changes in the budget and tax legislation, which came into force in 2015 and stimulated local authorities to expand their own revenue bases. At the same time, the paper establishes that the processes of financial decentralization in Ukraine have become irreversible, although they lack the systematic nature.
financial decentralization, local budget revenues, local taxes, fiscal decentralization, budget decentralization
Investment is an important indicator of the economic development of a region. The article examines sectoral and spatial features of investment processes in a region (on the example of Zaporizhzhya region). In particular, capital investment of enterprises in Zaporizhzhya region are analyzed by types of assets, sources of financing and types of economic activity, while development (use) of capital investment – by types of industrial activity. The paper establishes that: 1) own funds of enterprises were the main source of capital investment in Zaporizhzhya region during the period under review; 2) the highest share of capital investment in the region is financed by industrial enterprises; 3) the share of investment in professional, scientific and technical activities is reduced. The active development of the region’s industrial infrastructure is becoming a challenge for its environment today. Nevertheless, capital investment for environmental protection were found to have decreased in 2017 compared to 2016. Therefore, the strategic objective of the region today is to make effective use of its existing investment potential, in particular to improve the environment. The main factors influencing the investment processes in Zaporizhzhya region were identified: a) positive factors, in particular: availability of natural resources and own energy resources; higher level of profitability of enterprises in the region than the average in Ukraine; ongoing processes of deregulation, decentralization, reform of the territorial organization of power in Ukraine; b) factors of a negative nature, in particular: territorial (spatial) imbalance of business development and institutional infrastructure of business support; small capital investment for environmental protection; aggravation of the military conflict in Eastern Ukraine, etc.
investment process, capital investment, investment efficiency, regional economy, spatial development
The modern stage of economic development of the domestic consumer market, its new patterns and priorities, change of regulation and saturation factors, and transformation of the paradigm of resources and goods provision stipulate the need to improve all the components of its functioning mechanism with the mandatory use of marketing instruments. Therefore, the research of the consumer market condition and development trends as an important component of the general economic system becomes increasingly important. On the one hand, the current condition of most segments offering food and non-food products is considered as unstable and demonstrating negative tendencies related to a sharp decline of previously achieved volumes of supply and sales, reduction of the material basis for production and realization of high-quality goods, and substantial noncompliance with the needs of the population. On the other hand, the paces of innovative changes regarding the methods of production and realization of consumer goods that correspond to global standards, including the use of advanced marketing strategies and Internet resources, are high. The paper aims to substantiate the nature and reasonability of the use of the marketing approach in the system of organization of domestic market provision with consumer goods. Improvement of the quality of life by verification of the safety and quality of food is determined to be the major task of the consumer market regulation. The nature of marketing activity is proven to lie in the stimulation of demand and its forming, as well as stimulation of consumer goods production and creation of conditions for their quality and competitiveness maintenance. The tasks of the marketing activity in the system of organization of domestic market provision with consumer goods are directed at the qualitative meeting of consumer needs of the population by the use of various marketing technologies and approaches. Marketing approaches to the organization of the domestic market provision with consumer goods are outlined. Marketing methods of analysis and determining of production volumes and consumers’ needs on the domestic consumer market are defined.
brand, domestic market, the Internet, marketing, advertising, social networks, consumer goods
The paper deals with the peculiarities of forming of effective system for the personnel development in retail sales networks in conditions of economic globalization. The theoretical development of the research is the study of different scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concept “personnel”. There are different groups of scholars who have different views on the interpretation of this definition. Based on the study of different scientific approaches to understanding of the essence of the concept “personnel”, the author’s understanding of the essence of this definition has been generalized and substantiated. On the basis of generalization of different scientific approaches and normative requirements for the classification of personnel, the supplemented classification of types of personnel was proposed taking into account the peculiarities of functioning of retail sales networks in Ukraine in conditions of economic globalization. Supplemented classification features and criteria contribute to the development of various methods and tools in an effective system of personnel development of retail sales networks at the present stage of their formation. Management approaches to understanding the nature, place and role of retail sales staff in conditions of economic globalization are substantiated. Two management approaches have been proposed: individual-personal and micro-entrepreneurial. Within the individual-personal and micro-entrepreneurial level, a set of conditionally constant and conditionally variable characteristics of the personnel is allocated. The distinguished conditional variables of the personnel are applied in the process of formation and use of personnel in the trade sector, taking into account innovations in this field. The proposed management approaches are the basis for the formation of an effective system of personnel development in retail sales networks. The results of the study can be used in the process of elaborating of an effective system of personnel development in retail sales networks in the context of economic globalization.
Given the limited volume of natural resources and the trend towards population growth, the existing linear model of take-use-recycling economy needs rethinking. The idea that underlies the circular model of the economy, according to which goods of today are to become resources of tomorrow, is becoming increasingly relevant. Under these conditions, the agricultural sector must, first of all, ensuring food security, intensify the production of biomass as a renewable source of energy, since bioresources and biomass make up the highest share in agriculture. The article summarizes and proposes the strategic goals and guidelines for the development of the bioenergy component of agriculture. In Ukraine, a significant amount of biomass is produced annually, which is not used efficiently. Instead of addressing the needs of the energy sector, the lion’s share of waste is recovered through incineration, which in itself causes significant damage to the environment in general and the economy in particular. It has been researched that the potential of bioenergy largely depends on the geographical distribution and availability of existing waste and by-products on the one hand, and on the overall strategic orientations of the sector’s development on the other. The article analyzes the strategic goals of the rational use of agricultural waste for bioenergy production, which would certainly be economically viable and contribute to the sustainable development of the state’s economy. Strategic guidelines that are formulated in terms of the requirements and constraints of the circular economy are also offered. They are: 1) Use biomass that is obtained only on the basis of the principle of sustainability; 2) Promote the use of research, development and innovation at various stages; 3) Adhere to the principles of optimal use of bioresources; 4) Transformation of business models of players in the bioenergy market. Successful implementation of the circular business model in the agricultural sector must take into account the interests of all market participants, based on the principle of sustainable development. At the stage of transformation from a linear to a circular economy, the agricultural sector needs to change its existing business models in order to increase its innovation component, improve its logistics processes, develop a strategy for realizing its existing bioenergy potential and sustainable economic development in general. It should be understood that the benefits expected from the bioenergy sector are only possible in the long run.
Ukraine has been facing the problem of reforming of administrative and territorial structure (ATS) since it became independent, yet it has gained a special relevance after two consequent economic crises and in the period of after-crisis restoration of national economy accompanied by the search for efficient ways to accelerate reviving processes in the country’s economic system. The following reasons have also impacted the acceleration of ATS reforming in the country lately: boosted integration into single European economic space; fierce political-economic discussion about the impossibility of the country’s federalization; search for the ways to reduce the gap in socio-economic development of Ukrainian regions and their components. European experience of regional development is gaining increasing importance in this context, as it should become the leading driver of current restoration and further growth of Ukrainian economy. The paper aims to develop the ways to improve the efficiency of administrative and territorial structure reform in Ukraine based on assessment of the reform results in the country, identification of problems and implementation of foreign experience in their solution. The paper shows the processes of administrative and territorial structure reform in Ukraine and reveals its achievements and problems. Conducting of administrative and territorial structure reform is assessed. Main achievements of administrative and territorial structure reform in the country are characterized. The dynamics of average number of territorial communities that have united into one consolidated territorial community in 2015-2018 is shown. The importance of conducting the reform in the context of the country’s integration with the European Union is emphasized and experience of EU Member States in terms of administrative and territorial structure reforming is examined with the focus on the post-socialistic type of countries. The ways to improve administrative and territorial structure reform in Ukraine and to solve its problems based on implementation of foreign experience are suggested.
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UDC 33.025.7:330.341:32; JEL F29, H11, O20