UDC 336.5.02:656.13; JEL H53, R48, R51 Yaroshevych, N. B., Kondrat, I. Yu., & Lyvdar, M. V. (2018). Metodychni pidkhody do rozrakhunku adresnoyi hroshovoyi kompensatsiyi na osnovi vstanovlennya norm transportnoyi rukhomosti pil'hovykh katehoriy naselennya [Methodological approaches to calculation of targeted monetary compensation on the basis of establishment of the transportation norms for citizens of privileged categories]. Rehional'na ekonomika - Regional Economy, 87 (1), 69-75. Retrieved from http://re.gov.ua/doi/re2018.01.069.php. [in Ukrainian]. Sources: 14
Authors
Resume
Theoretical and practical recommendations over maintenance of passenger traffic socio-economic efficiency by means of transport privileges monetization are substantiated; the analysis of the active mechanism of compensation calculation and payment to transportation companies for transportation of passengers of preferential categories is conducted; the fact that the quantity of persons, which have a right to preferential transportation as well as preferential categories’ mobility is significantly different depending on region is revealed; the necessity to establish regional norms on preferential transportation services’ consumption is grounded; the methodics of regional norms establishment on preferential transportation services’ consumption is proposed, and it should become the basis for the calculation of monthly targeted compensation to individual categories of persons for their preferential transportation by municipal and commuter public transport, as well as of the local budgets expenditures for this purpose. The current state and modern development trends of the transportation by municipal and commuter public transport are established. The main problems of municipal and commuter public transport are determined. The analysis of methodics for determination of volumes for the preferential transportation services consumption and volumes for the preferential transportation services consumption in Ukraine is conducted. The proposed methodics for determination and establishment of regional norms for the preferential transportation services consumption is based on the benefit recipients’ mobility coefficient, which is calculated on the basis of data on real values defined by experts method on the basis of examination of passenger flow and coefficients of preferential and paying passengers ratios, approved by the local authorities to determine the amount of compensation to transportation companies for transportation of citizens of privileged categories.
Keywords:
municipal and commuter transport, transport privilege’ monetization, norms of preferential transportation services’ consumption
References
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The author studied the genesis of the «social security» concept in domestic and foreign practice. Features of the European and American models of social security providing are considered; historical analysis of their formation is conducted; advantages and disadvantages of these concepts are defined in this article. Specific features have been defined and analysis of the existing mechanism for ensuring social security in Ukraine on the basis of its legal basis has been carried out. Economic and statistical analysis of scientific works of Ukrainian scientists dedicated to development of mechanisms for strengthening social security has been conducted; application perspectives of scientific achievements of Ukrainian scientists in sustainable social development maintenance has been identified. During study author used the following methods: dialectical method – to disclose the theoretical and methodological foundations of the category «social security»; historical method – to describe the stages of social security mechanisms in the European and American models; systemic and structural methods – to determine the scientific interest in the social security problems at the national level; statistical and economic analysis – to process statistical data in order to determine the scientific interest of Ukrainian scientists to develop the fundamentals of social security ensuring; graphic method – for illustrations of the study’s results. The author found the obvious movement of Ukraine to the European model of social safety. It is necessary to use predominantly scientific achievements of Ukrainian scientists to develop components of subsystems for current mechanism to provide social security to restore the logical chain of the events in the system sequence, i.e. «social quarantines > security obligations > social welfare > social security».
social security, ensuring mechanism of social security, scientific determination
The work is dedicated to research of externalities, positive effects of a meso-level of international integration formations represented by network structures of intra-industrial and inter-industrial cooperation in a form of cross-border cluster systems. Major objectives of the work are, as follows: to prove statement, that international integration schemes in the form of cross-border clusters generate positive externalities which catalyze euroregional competitiveness; to apply newer approaches to revealing and systematization of cluster externalities; to emphasize special part played by network externalities and effect of «knowledge spill-over» within the cluster framework being of utmost importance for formation of cross-border cluster systems and increasing their competitiveness. Basing on the above research it seems reasonable to formulate specifics of cluster model in cross-border cooperation as the most adequate in modern conditions of global economy development and current stage of integration of Ukraine in general and, in particular, within the framework of the EU economic space.
The system of budget decentralization risks in Ukraine is defined. Major problems of budget decentralization are outlined as following: unbalance of local budgets’ income and expenses due to the lack of sources to cover the liabilities transferred to the local budgets; absence of social standards and criteria on liabilities set and delegated by the state to local self-governing bodies in descriptive and value terms; violation of social justice principle in terms of repayment of privileges approved by Verhovna Rada of Ukraine; initiative on elimination of excise tax on retail trade in excisable goods; unfinished process of territorial communities combining stipulates additional burden in terms of budget system balancing. The ways to improve the mechanisms of budget regulation for maintenance of further accomplishment of budget decentralization reform’s tasks and achievement of its goal are suggested. The major directions are: development of state social standards; maintenance of correspondence between local budgets’ financial resources and the delegated liabilities; assurance of social privileges targeting; improvement of local taxes and fees efficiency; maintenance of inter-budgetary relations efficiency; solution of the issues on debt repayment of State Budget on Privileges and Subsidies; assurance of sectoral decentralization in the health care sphere; maintenance of sectoral decentralization in the educational sphere; provision of budget costs’ efficient management.
budget decentralization, expenses, income, local budgets, local self-governing bodies
The problems of balance of national expenditures and national income are considered. It is emphasized that the gross domestic product (GDP) is the best indicator for modeling of the balance condition of the economy in general. Emphasis is made that GDP is both the volume of production expenditures and the volume of revenue from production in the economy. It is noted that the volume of national expenditures is formed by the population costs on consumer goods and services and companies’ costs on material resources for producing of goods and services. GDP in the real (physical) and nominal (monetary) forms as a key parameter for model of income and expenditure balance is grounded. It is indicated that the two forms of GDP are functioning simultaneously, and the government of Ukraine is the regulator of physical volume, and National Bank of Ukraine is the regulator of the amount of money. The article proves that when the balance of national expenditure and national income rates is achieved, the prices, fares and money turnover are the same. The prevalence of physical GDP above nominal GDP indicates the imbalances and price increase, and the predominance of physical GDP above nominal GDP shows the imbalances and decrease of prices. The estimation of the volume and dynamics of the both forms of GDP in Ukraine is made and their imbalance in time is found: nominal GDP dominates over real GDP. The dynamics in the form of indices of physical and monetary GDP imbalance model in Ukraine is presented: Iq: Ip ? Iv: Im, where Iq is the index of physical GDP, Ip is the index of unit price of physical GDP, Iv is the index of turnover of money GDP, Im is the index of monetary GDP. The left side of the model expresses the dynamic of potential costs formed by asynchronous movement of goods and services volume and the unit price of goods and services, and the right part expresses the dynamics of the actual national income and demand for money. The calculated ratios of indices show inertia, which expresses high rates of annual growth in national spending and demand for money, and therefore the budgets of most of individual households, businesses and government will become insolvent. General conclusions on regulator of monetary and physical products are made. National Bank of Ukraine should reduce the volume of money in circulation and Ukrainian government should reduce employment in the public sector, especially in the governance, and increase investment volume in order to maintain the production growth of GDP physical volume.
balance, investment flows, national expenditures, national income, management
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