UDC 330.15:502/504:330.526; JEL Q57, C13 Suhina, O. M. (2018). Metodolohichnyy pidkhid do vyznachennya rozmiru ekolohichnoyi renty [Methodological approach to determination of the amount of the ecological rent]. Rehional'na ekonomika - Regional Economy, 87 (1), 85-93. Retrieved from http://re.gov.ua/doi/re2018.01.085.php. [in Ukrainian]. Sources: 12
Authors
Resume
Natural resources with assimilative properties are the property of Ukrainian people, and each citizen should receive the ecological rent, and if possible, in the form of a pure environment. The modern system of environmental taxation in Ukraine is imperfect because it does not stimulate the business entities to conduct ecologization of production. In order to collect rental payment for using of assimilation services of ecosystems it is necessary to evaluate the ecological rent. The purpose of the article is to develop proposals concerning forming of versatile mechanism of collection and distribution of ecological rent in Ukraine. In order to accomplish the scientific research the author used general scientific methods: economic-mathematical modeling – for formalization of an estimation of the ecological rent and the cost of use of the environment assimilative potential; method of the system approach – for systematization of foreign experience of sovereign funds creation, etc., as well as specific, in particular, comparisons of benefits and costs (Cost-Benefit Analysis – CBA) – to determine the priorities for nature users: to pay or carry out the ecologization of industries, etc. For the first time in the world practice the methodical approach to determining of the rate of ecological rent as the difference between profit of the economic entity using the assimilative potential of the environment free of charge, and the average income of economic entities (for a specific industry), which recover maximally assimilative functions of ecosystems, is developed. It is the novelty of scientific research. The methodological approach to the determination of the rate of the rental payment for using the assimilative services of ecosystems – environmental rental payment – is developed. The methodological approach to estimation of the cost of the environment assimilative potential exploitation (of the forests, water, atmospheric air, soil) on the basis of valuation of the cost of artificial recycling of wastes, etc. is developed. In opinion of the author, the rental payment for use of the assimilative services of ecosystems should be based on collection of ecological rent (separating of the ecological rent from profit of the economic entity). At the modern development of technologies, the cost of use of the assimilative potential of the ecosystem can be roughly equated with the cost of utilization of waste. The sum of payment for pollution of the nature should be comparable to the concrete amount of economic damage from environmental pollution (revenues from the payment of which would be enough to cover damages) and which would stimulate business entities to realize the ecologization of production. The author offers to use correcting coefficients of the account of assimilative properties of ecosystems. Thus, the modern system of environmental taxation in Ukraine is imperfect because it does not stimulate the business entities to conduct ecologization of production. For the first time in the world practice and the economic theory the methodological approach to the determination of the rate of the rental payment for using the assimilative services of ecosystems – environmental rental payment – is developed on the basis of estimation of the cost of the environment assimilative potential exploitation. However, currently, there is a problem with the estimation of the ecological rent, because of introduction of technologies: thus it is difficult to separate the ecological rent from the technological quasi-rents.
Keywords:
formalization of ecological rent evaluation, innovative methodology of evaluation, ecological rent payment, correlation coefficients
References
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In this article the organizational-economic mechanism of decentralized management of local mineral deposits’ national fund at their extraction is offered. Features of this mechanism, which includes capitalization of the mining rent with the subsequent transformation into securities (shares) of those mining enterprises, which are mining the minerals located at the territory of these communities are disclosed. It is specified, that such approach to decentralization of authority concerning management of national fund of local mineral deposits maintains sustainable development of this community, and also its practical implementation does not require introduction of any changes and additions into the current legislation, which regulates mining relations in the sphere of the subsoil use. Besides, the article suggests the mechanism of hedging of local territorial communities’ financial risks by development of local mineral deposits at their territory.
organizational-economic mechanism, capitalization, decentralization of authority, mineral deposits of local importance
Machine building plays one of the key roles in ensuring of the economy development on an innovative basis. The synergy of enterprises within clusters in the region allows them to use their potential more effectively. For the region, clusters serve as catalysts for economic growth. The aim of the article is to establish trends in the development of machine building in Ukraine and to identify the preconditions for the development of appropriate clusters in the regions. General and special methods of scientific knowledge constitute the methodological basis of the study. In particular, the statistical method is used to reflect the results of scientific research on the identification of modern trends in the development of machine building in Ukraine. The cartographic method, methods of comparative analysis, synthesis and grouping are used as the basis for determining the localization of machine building in the regions of Ukraine. The methods of cause-effect relationships were used to study the prospects of the development of machine building clusters in the regions of Ukraine. On the basis of the analysis of the dynamics of machine building development in Ukraine during 2010-2016 the following was found: the number of machine building enterprises and the number of employed workers steadily reduced; volumes of industrial production of machine building mostly increased, the share of loss-making enterprises declined. More than a tenth part of the cost of innovation goes to machine building. Enterprises of this kind of activity implemented almost half of innovation processes and the fourth part of a new innovative product in the Ukrainian industry. Military aggression by the Russian Federation has made significant adjustments in the dynamics of machine building development in Ukraine. The study of the efficiency of the activity of machine building enterprises in Ukraine has established that despite the growth in the profitability of operating activities in the last year, the actual efficiency of enterprises of this type of activity is close to the point of break-even. During the analysed period, the labour productivity in machine building grew. However, this dynamics is due to a steady reduction in the number of employed in machine building, rather than an intensive increase in sales volumes. The indicator of localization by volume of sold industrial products is used to identify regions of Ukraine, in which machine building is one of the main industrial sectors. It was established that machine building is the industry profile sphere in 45.8% of the Ukrainian regions. The existence of machine building clusters in the regions of Ukraine is analysed. The author has defined regions with prerequisites for the creation of machine-building clusters and key directions by the machine building types for these clusters based on localization indicators. The obtained results of the research can serve as a scientific and analytical basis for the state authorities to make appropriate decisions on the formation of machine-building clusters in the regions of Ukraine. Further studies will be used to include spatial analysis of clusterization of Ukrainian regions by types of economic activity.
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