Purpose. The study provides a comprehensive econometric analysis of the impact of import dependence on the sectoral structure of employment in a developed economy, using Germany as a case study. The relevance of the research is driven by the deepening integration of national economies into global value chains and the growing role of imports as a key determinant of labour market transformation. The purpose of the study is to deliver a quantitative assessment of the impact of import dependence on the industry-level structure of employment in the developed economy (Germany), accounting for threshold effects through the application of a dynamic threshold modelling approach.
Methodology. The empirical basis of the study is constructed using panel data for the period 1995–2022, covering 42 economic activities. The methodological framework is based on a dynamic threshold regression model, enabling the identification of nonlinear relationships between variables and the estimation of critical values of import dependence at which both the magnitude and direction of its impact on employment change. A bootstrap procedure is employed to ensure the statistical robustness of the estimates, facilitating the refinement of threshold parameters and the validation of their accuracy.
Findings. The findings confirm statistically significant threshold effects, indicating structural heterogeneity in the impact of import dependence on the labour market. The results show that crossing certain critical levels of import dependence is associated with changes in both the sign and magnitude of its effect on employment. Accordingly, three sectoral groups are identified: sectors with a predominantly negative impact (displacement effect), sectors with a positive impact (driven by participation in global production networks), and sectors with mixed or statistically insignificant effects.
Originality. The scientific contribution of the study lies in applying a dynamic threshold framework to the analysis of the relationship between import dependence and employment, allowing for capturing the nonlinear, asymmetric, and sectoral heterogeneous effects.
Practical value. The practical implications of the findings include providing an analytical basis for selective structural policies targeting sectors with high potential for integration into global value chains. The results are particularly relevant for transition and post-crisis economies, including Ukraine, where optimising import dependence and fostering employment are critical in the context of post-war economic recovery. 

regional development, innovation ecosystem, territorial community, human capital, innovation development, network interaction, competitiveness 

One of the most important theoretic-practical principles of the public goods reproduction related to the determining of the relationship system between the levels of their coverage to support leveling of the horizontal and vertical imbalances of such goods providing is considered. The purpose is to find out the basic regularities of forming of the fiscal decentralization domestic model as the bottom ground to organize the public goods production and to form the main directions of its improvement in Ukrainian economy. The research is based on the induction and deduction, historical, synthesis and comparative analysis methods. The most important world outlook peculiarities of the fiscal decentralization in the transforming economic system are determined on the basis of spatial organization models of the public goods production, developed by the fiscal federalism theory. In Ukraine the peculiarities of the public goods production at the regional level were estimated by using such indicators as the revenues and expenditures of the local budgets and intergovernmental transferences; characteristics of the development of the national fiscal decentralization model were specified and the Polish experience was analyzed. The indexes of fiscal decentralization were calculated; their dynamics is analyzed for Ukraine and compared with the same indicators for Poland and European Union. According to the fiscal decentralization principles the most significant approaches to increase the public goods production effectiveness in Ukraine have been grounded to propose: moving from the practice of using the soft budget constrains for the subnational government to more hard ones basing on the modification of the approaches to the tax proceeds restructuring between the levels of the public goods productions; promotion of bigger autonomy for the local governments through completing of the responsibility spheres sharing, providing transparency and accountability to the local communities, forming of clear algorithms of the distribution and redistribution of the accumulated budgetary resources and active use of the medium- and long-term budgeting tools.Рубрика: Фінанси і банківська справа 

public goods, reproduction, fiscal decentralization, local budget, region, intergovernmental transferences