In the article the main factors modifying approaches to the regional development in modern economies and directions of this modification have been determined. The necessity to shift from paternalistic model of regional policy to the creation of “development-friendly” environment in the region, favorable for the inflow and efficient engagement of resources, appropriate for the modern post-industrial economic models is emphasized. The favorability of regional institutional environment creates the opportunities for optimal engagement of resources of the territory, underpinning the appropriate quality of life of the population of the region and paves the way for inclusive development. Conclusions about the increase of efficiency of local communities, and at this basis – the interest of the latter in strategic consistency of the development of regional economic and legal complexes have been made. The actual challenges for the policy of regional development in Ukraine, caused by the modification of the object of this policy due to the adaptational reactions of the national economy to the complex crisis challenges, influencing directly the structural shifts in the economies of the regions, have been shown. The conclusions over the fact that systemic genesis of the problems of regional development peculiar to Ukraine makes any attempts to solve these problems with the point measures of Government policy ineffective are made. Instead, the main weight in the realization of the strategic tasks of regional development should be put on the creation of the conditions, ensuring resources’ flows structuring at the national level in the way promoting the application optimization of regional development potentials. The main features of “development-friendly” regional economic system have been distinguished. The fact that in order to create the development-friendly environment the measures undertaken at the regional level should be supplemented at the national level with the complementary structural reforms, which simplify the engagement of regional development potential and increase its inclusiveness, has been shown. The list of main reforms has been suggested for Ukraine. The dependence of local communities’ capacity to take advantage of the positive potential of systemic reforms on its institutional shape has been grounded. The institutional preconditions of local communities’ effectiveness in the creation and realization of the strategies of regions’ development have been discovered as follows: effectiveness of governance, inclusiveness of community development, regional identity perception. The recommendations concerning the modern methodology of regional development regulation and stimulation in Ukraine have been formulated. In particular, the criteria of economic agents’ support based on positive externalities for spatial development, have been suggested. The necessity to delegate to special financial institutions the authority to manage the centralized resources of regional development and projects selection for financing has been argued. The priorities of program-based solutions in regional development have been determined for main problem macroregions of Ukraine. The directions of improvements in legislation for regional development policy, adapted to European norms and practice, in particular – Ukraine – EU Association Agreement implementation and European Cohesion policy, have been recommended.
regional development, regional policy, inclusive development, spatial development, sustainable development, State Fund for Regional Development
The scientific and practical aspect of increasing the competence of local self-government officials as a result of introducing innovative approaches to the organization of training, retraining and qualification improvement of local self-government bodies is highlighted. It was found out that the modern system of managerial staff training, taking into account the process of decentralization, does not involve all employees and officials of local self-government, especially training before participation in the competition and after appointment to the post. The contradictions that arise in the process of management activity are analyzed: competence of officials do not meet the growing requirements; a significant staff shortage does not correlate with clear criteria for evaluating the results; exaggerated public expectations often contradict the conditions of financial support of the head. Attention is drawn to the lack of clear requirements for the level of education and qualifications of local self-government officials, as well as citizens who are applying for substitution of positions in municipal authorities. It was emphasized that local self-government bodies conduct educational activity in two main directions: organization of training of local councils’ deputies; raising the skills of officials of local self-government bodies. A list of specific skills to be developed at the classes is proposed: planning and control; analysis of socio-economic development of the administrative-territorial unit; adoption and implementation of effective political and socio-economic decisions; selection and placement of personnel. We have identified the following objectives of motivation for professional training of public officials: the possibility of choosing the amount of knowledge in the chosen areas; gaining the skills of business communication in the process of learning and their application in business relations. The need to expand the autonomy of the system of professional development of local self-government personnel, formulated by governmental representatives of the Council of Europe member states within the framework of the Council of Europe professional review “Reform of the system of training of personnel of local self-government” is emphasized. The prerequisites and projected results of the creation of a modern system of professional development of local self-government officials and local council members are revealed: participation in the training of all categories of employees of local self-government bodies, deputies of local councils; continuous updating of competencies; providing high quality professional training; introduction of purposeful scientific support for the development of local self-government in Ukraine.
administrative reform, local government, educational activity, professional education, management
The conceptual principles of management of sustainable urban development in the conditions of European integration and implementation of the decentralization reform arerevealed. Approaches to the definition of the categories «city» and «sustainableurban development» are proposed. It is substantiated that the regional preconditions that have a direct impact on the sustainable urban development are institutional, social, economic, and environmental conditions. Revealed that in the structure of available methodical approaches to assessing the level of sustainable city development and analyzing the efficiency of management of this process there are some differences, which indicates the need for their improvement for application in the process of diagnostics management of sustainable development of the city.Proposed to apply a synergetic approach to the study of the problems of management of sustainable development of the city, which allows to identify inter-environment integration patterns of self-organization of the city as a complex socio-economic and ecological system. Suggested to use such partial indicators for the integrated assessment of sustainable development of Ukrainian cities as development of the social sphere, economic and ecological situation. The calculation of the integral index of sustainable development of the regional centers of Ukraine has been done, the results of which have revealed significant differences in the level of sustainable development in Ukrainian cities. Substantiated that in the context of the implementation of the Association Agreement with the European Union it is advisable to introduce directions for increasing the efficiency of strategic management of sustainable development of the city. These include: implementation of the principles of strategic management of city development in accordance with the key priorities of the regional policy of the European Union; decentralization of public administration and development of territorial communities; using the methodology of project management and sustainable city development programs to increase the role of social responsibility of business in the structure of sustainable development of the city; adherence to the principles of environmental safety and the development of the green economy.The management of sustainable urban development in the context of decentralization reform envisages the definition of strategic goals, objectives and target priorities aimed at socio-economic growth and the achievement of the ecological balance, and improvement of the quality of life of the population, possibly with the concentration of power at the basic level. The theoretical and methodological generalization and development of conceptual principles of management of sustainable development of the city, which allow developing the directions of its organizational and economic provision in the current conditions of the reform of the national economy, the formation of competitive territorial communities, processes of Ukraine’s integration into the European Union, is carried out.
city, sustainable development, management of sustainable urban development, European integration, efficiency of management
The article reveals the economic essence of the united territorial communities’ competitiveness. The relationship between the concepts of “quality” and “competitiveness” is considered. The model of strengthening the competitiveness of the united territorial communities is substantiated. The main factors hindering the development of the united territorial communities’ competitiveness are considered. The realization efficiency of the complex of tasks of combined territorial communities’ competitiveness development is investigated. The urgency and necessity of increasing the competitiveness and attractiveness of the united territorial communities in order to create favourable socio-economic climate for entrepreneurs, investors, residents and to gain advantages both on the domestic and foreign markets is substantiated. Based on the research of theoretical aspects of competitiveness, the main elements of the united territorial communities’ competitiveness were established, features of the formation of the competitive advantage of the region at different stages of economic development were investigated. It is concluded that in order to increase the competitiveness of the united territorial communities, it is necessary to form a holistic mechanism for managing the socio-economic, intellectual, natural potential of the united territorial communities, operating with the support of state programs at the local and state level. Competitiveness is the process of making strategic decisions on the choice of alternatives that are formed by comparing the existing potential of a specific region with the opportunities and threats of its external environment, as well as with global changes in the environment. Its essence is manifested in the formation and implementation of a modern concept of highly effective management on an innovative basis, adjusted by constant monitoring of internal and external changes, an assessment of the main parameters of the functioning and development of the region. The competitiveness of the united territorial communities is a multi-faceted category, which reflects a set of comparative advantages in various fields, the combination of which forms stable positions in a particular market or in certain spheres over a given period of time.
competition, competitiveness of united territorial communities, decentralization, region
The main organizational form of cross-border cooperation is the Euroregion. The Carpathian Euroregion remains the largest in the area, both in Ukraine and in Europe. The National Representation of Ukraine is the Association of regional bodies of local self-government «Carpathians – Ukraine», which focuses on the development of cross-border cooperation in the Lviv and Polish parts of the Carpathian Euroregion, and also focuses on the development of the social component, democracy and, at the same time, does not pay much attention to the economic direction of cooperation in the development and establishment of business relations. Therefore, an attempt was made to develop a modern mechanism for managing marketing in cross-border cooperation of the Carpathian Euroregion by defining: a new system of participants in management and their interaction (business sector, public, municipal / regional and interactive information); system of principles (implementation of system and integrated approaches to marketing management of cross-border cooperation; scientific approach to marketing management in СВС; legal approach to marketing management of СВС; efficiency of marketing management of СВС; the sufficiency of information provision of the mechanism of marketing management of СВС; orientation of cross-border marketing management on the innovative way of Euroregions’ socio-economic development) and the functions of marketing management (basics, planning, coordination and organization, motivation and control); the construction of the tree of the objectives of the strategic functional system of Euroregional cooperation. Therefore, in a market economy, the model of management of cross-border cooperation should be reoriented to partner relations not according to the scheme «authorities of the border region of Ukraine – the authorities of the border region of Hungary», but the scheme of active interaction of all border members of regional markets, creating communication networks that will cause transboundary activities in the process of implementing the concept of cross-border cooperation. The principles of marketing in this process will become a leader. That is, the model for managing the cross-border region should be built with the help of a marketing management mechanism, since this will significantly improve the interconnection between all the member states of the Carpathian Euroregion.
cross-border cooperation, Carpathian Euroregion, marketing management, functions and principles, tree of goals
The methodological principles of risks genicity of migration processes in the country, caused by factors of exogenous and endogenous actions (political, economic, social), on identification of new migration risks in the context of military threats are revealed. Classification features of risk typology, as well as factors of their formation and accumulation of deficits of basic social protection needs of the forced migrants are determined. It has been proved that creation of conditions of employment and other forms of realization of their potential by the introduction of monitoring of migration processes by socio-economic and demographic indicators plays the most important role in overcoming the main risk of livelihoods of forced migrants. At the same time, the establishment of effective social integration of migrants in the host region-society must minimize the manifestations of the risks of migrants’ integration: deviant, property, defensive, and socio-economic. It is substantiated that the state migration policy should work to prevent the manifestation of social risks (counteracting the massive outflow of the able-bodied population beyond Ukraine) by influencing relevant migration factors and improving the welfare of the population as a whole.
Defining the major bases for the formation and implementation of regional eco-policy in view of the experience of developed countries, aimed at solving specific problems of socio-economic development, becomes an urgent task of economic science. The article aims to analyze the peculiarities of forming and implementing regional environmental policy in the context of decentralization of public power in Ukraine. Both domestic and foreign scientists devoted their research to the development of scientific bases of eco-policy. Nowadays, in the scientific literature there is no systematic analysis of the problems with the formation of regional eco-policy under current conditions of decentralization. In the mechanism of public power in Ukraine, the problem with centralization and decentralization is a cornerstone of the development of efficient management. Centralization in the conditions of the territorial system of Ukraine is inextricably linked with the unitary form of the state – such a system was a fundamental value and was always associated with the idea of independence and autonomy of the Ukrainian state. Determining the optimal relationship between centralization and decentralization at the current stage of the formation of Ukraine as a European state appears in the centre of reforming the processes of socio-economic development of the country. The advantages of centralized management are most fully manifested in solving global and strategic tasks, and the disadvantage is the reduction in management efficiency and in the opportunities for adaptation to the new conditions of socio-economic development. The process of decentralization lies in transferring a certain amount of power by central government bodies to lower-level entities which possess the necessary rights, duties and resources. The enlargement of the powers of regions in their relationship with the center, the right to form and implement development strategies, and the concentration of financial resources necessary for self-development at the level of territorial communities are the main directions for decentralization of public power in Ukraine. Due to the current conditions of socio-economic development of Ukraine, regional aspects of public environmental policy are very important in the process of its formation. Delegating part of powers to the regional or local level can make environmental quality management more effective. Therefore, the problem with the formation and implementation of regional eco-policy is extremely urgent in the context of decentralization. In accordance with the Law of Ukraine «On the Fundamental Principles (Strategy) of Public Environmental Policy of Ukraine for the Period until 2020», the strategic goal of the national environmental policy is to stabilize and improve the state of the natural environment of Ukraine by integrating environmental policy into the socio-economic development of Ukraine to ensure the environmentally friendly natural environment for life and health of the population, to implement the environmentally balanced system of nature management and to preserve natural ecosystems. It should be the basis for the formation of regional environmental policy of Ukraine.
public power, management, decentralization, local government, regional policy, regional eco-policy, environmental forecast
The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the legislative support for the use of tax and customs instruments for the promotion of spatial forms of business organization (SFBO) in Ukraine. The article provides a comparative analysis of the main tax preferences provided to investors in special economic zones of Ukraine before and after 2005. The main reasons for the abolition of the preferential regime of special economic zones (SEZ) and territory of priority development (TPD) are outlined (opaque decision-making procedure for the creation of these territories and zones and the participation of specific enterprises in them; the desire to use SEZs and TPDs not only as a way of attracting investments but also as a tool for solving social problems of depressed regions; level of state control; low state infrastructure support for tax-exempt territories). The mechanism of providing tax privileges on payment of local taxes and fees for initiators of creation, management of companies and participants of industrial parks is described. The mechanism of exemption from import duties when importing goods by the initiators of creation - by business entities, managing companies and participants of industrial parks is cgaracterized. The study of the institutional framework for the use of tax and customs instruments to promote the development of SFBO in Ukraine has provided the following conclusions: 1) tax incentives provided by the Tax Code of Ukraine, in practice, stimulate the development of a particular industry, without taking into account the innovative component; 2) the existence of the compensatory influence of fiscal instruments on the development of innovation business, which, in our opinion, should be stimulating; 3) the gap between the legally established legislative framework for the development of innovation business and its practical implementation. In our opinion, the creation of a separate base unit to regulate the activities of the abovementioned entities in the Tax Code is the prospect of improving the current legislation of Ukraine regarding the use of tax and customs instruments to promote the development of SFBO. This will eliminate contradictions in the provisions of the legal acts regulating this aspect of state economy regulation, as well as avoid double taxation and abuses on the part of the controlling bodies. At the same time, in the context of the administrative-territorial reform, it is important to legislatively fix the norms regarding the provision of tax incentives of the SFBO for the placement of high-tech industries in economically backward regions with excessive labor force.
spatial forms of business organization, taxation of spatial forms of business organization, tax regulation of business
The article considers the main principles of financial imbalances in the system of endogenously oriented development of regions. The strategic tasks of sustainable development of the regions are assessed. The methods of regulation of financial imbalances in the system of endogenously oriented development of regions are generalized. The efficiency of regional economy regulation methods is grounded, which provides an idea of the level of its social, economic, innovative development and investment attractiveness. The present state, trends and problems of reproduction of socio-economic potential of sustainable development of Ukraine and its regions are researched. The specifics of the modern economic development of the regions are analyzed, which determines the key role of the methodical platform for ensuring the effectiveness of regulation by regions. The process of formation of the basic principles and methods of regulation of financial imbalances in the system of regions’ endogenously oriented development is proven to be taking place, which means transfer of managerial technologies from the private sector to public administration and presupposes the implementation of such principles in the regional management as: priority of goals, rather than processes in the organization of activities and decision-making; control over the implementation of managerial decisions on the results of activities; external control; for the executive authorities, citizens become clients; decentralization of the decision-making level; the requirement of economical and efficient use of resources. The basis for socio-economic development of regions is determined to be well-structured planning system consisting of strategic and tactical planning according to administrative principles, In this connection, three stages of activity of state authorities are identified: planning of activities, resources, results; performance of activities, resources, results; reporting on activities, resources, results. After all, the regulation of financial imbalances in the system of endogenously-oriented development of regions as a set of principles, methods, forms and means of targeted influence of the socioeconomic processes occurring in the regions is complex and diverse.
principles of financial imbalances, strategic tasks, organizational and managerial decisions, methods of regulation
The volume of agricultural production has an impact on the level of providing vital products to the population, and the use of intensive technologies helps to increase the level of agricultural production and increase the volume of vital products. Intensification of agricultural production through the introduction of nanotechnologies can increase the resistance of plants to adverse weather conditions and increase the resistance of animals to infectious diseases and stress. We note the necessity to conduct wider studies to identify the most promising areas of application of nanotechnology as a tool for raising the level of agricultural production. In assessing the impact of nanotechnologies on the level of food security, it is necessary to assess both the productivity of agricultural production and the quality and safety of the products produced. Regarding the productivity of agricultural production, the existence of numerical experiments in the impact of nanotechnologies on the level of agricultural production reflects the efficiency of the applied technology. The application of nanoparticles as microfertilizer in plant growing contributes to increasing plant resistance to adverse weather conditions and other stress factors, reduces the chemical load on the soil and increases the yield of almost all food and industrial crops. The application of nanotechnologies in livestock breeding contributes to raising the productivity of animals, resistance of animal organisms to infectious diseases and stresses, provides a significant effect on the formation of microclimate in premises for animals and poultry, control of the concentration of harmful substances in the air, disinfection of livestock buildings, electrocontaining of silage mass of green feeds with an electroactivated preservative, treatment of mastitis of animals, decontamination and pasteurization of eggs and egg products, etc. Nanotechnologies are used as catalysts based on nanosized palladium and nanocarbon materials for the hydriding of vegetable oils, as nanoelectronics of grain drying (convective drying together with microwave drying) in the processing of agrarian products. Nanotechnology is widely used in the disinfection of agricultural inputs and production tools in the process of storage of agricultural products. Thus, the use of nanotechnologies in agricultural production has a positive effect on the production of crop and livestock production, processing and storage of agricultural products, which positively affects the overall level of agricultural production and food security in the country. However, the presence of an uncertain effect of some nanoparticles leads to uncertainty about the impact of nanomaterials on the quality of agricultural production, which necessitates further in-depth research into the properties of nanomaterials and to ensure the regulation, standardization and certification of nanoscale materials used in the processes of production, processing and storage of agricultural products.
Agroholding companies play a significant role in the development of the domestic agro-industrial sector and the national economy, and over the past 10 years have become the leading form of agricultural business in Ukraine. Agrarian holdings accumulate significant financial resources, have access to the latest technologies and access to export markets, have a political and socio-economic impact at the regional and national levels. At the same time, the functioning of large agroholding structures is characterized by many negative manifestations, in particular, the monopolization of land lease and agricultural products markets, the gradual displacement of small and medium agrarian businesses, and the presence of a significant number of problems in ensuring the environmental safety of the regions of its presence. The purpose of the article is to analyze the threats of functioning of agroholding companies in Ukraine and outline the main directions of their neutralization. Analysis of the activity of agroholding structures in Ukraine allowed to identify and confirm scientifically the following threats of their functioning for the domestic agricultural sector and the economy as a whole: 1) monopolization of the land lease market; 2) a constant increase in the area of cultivated land with a small percentage of Ukraine in world exports of agricultural products; 3) monopolization of the market of agricultural products, which occurs by capturing large agro companies the most profitable and export-oriented spheres of agribusiness; 4) the absorption of small enterprises; 5) limiting of the opportunities for the development of personal peasant and farm enterprises, primarily because of the problem of obtaining credit resources and their high cost; 6) uncontrollability of ways of using the soil and as a consequence - deterioration of their qualitative characteristics. In order to neutralize the negative influence of agroholding structures in the context of these threats, the author proposed a complex of urgent measures in the following key areas: elimination of monopolization manifestations in land lease and agricultural products markets, formation of effective mechanisms for the development of small and medium agribusiness, and implementation of measures to combat degradation of agricultural lands and their pollution. Within the frameworks of the priority directions, strategic goals and tools for their implementation have been developed. The author believes that the proposed measures will help to eliminate the risks arising from the activities of large integrated agroformations, which will improve the business environment, increase the competitiveness of agricultural production in the domestic and foreign markets and, as a consequence, increase the state food security.
agroholding companies, threats of the functioning of agroholdings, monopolization of the agrarian market, development of small and medium agribusiness, pollution of agricultural land, mechanism of neutralization of threats
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UDC 338.244.47:332.021; JEL O18, R58