Doctor of Economics, Professor, Honored Economist of Ukraine
Professor of the Department of management and administration of the Academic Institute of Management, Food Technologies and Trade of the Chernihiv National University of Technology
The article emphasizes the need for the transformation of agro-industrial production as one of the leading sectors of the national economy, which over a long period of development was able to reach such a level that it not only covers domestic food needs but also occupies a significant niche in the world markets. The current stage of Ukraine’s development will undoubtedly lead to the entry of our state into international political, social, military, and economic structures. Overcoming the negative impact of the factors of the development of agro-industrial production is possible through a deep reform of the institutional environment for the development of rural areas and agro-industrial production. The main imperatives of such a strategy should include the creation and ensuring the effective functioning of integrated agricultural formations of a new type in connection with the development of communities. It should lead to the expansion, rationalization, and mutual coordination of the range of economic, social, and ecological interests of the state, local authorities and self-government, producers of agricultural products, and the rural population. The current stage of the country’s socio-economic development is determined by the need for post-war modernization and recovery of all spheres of life in Ukrainian society, requiring the selection and purposeful research of the most relevant types of agro-industrial integration, which would ensure activation and improvement of the efficiency of integration processes, including cooperatives and clusters. The article emphasizes that the support of agro-industrial formations of a new type based on ensuring the mutually agreed interests of food producers and rural areas should be achieved due to the synergetic effect of agro-industrial integration, which will significantly increase the effectiveness of such interaction. The authors prove that the state’s efforts in the process of post-war reconstruction of the region should focus on the development, approval, active implementation, and support of the agricultural formations, the effectiveness of which will depend not only on the development of rural areas but also on the entire country as a whole.
Ukraine’s strategic course for integration into the European community requires efficient management decisions at both the national and regional levels, the use of existing economic capacity, and gaining competitive advantages in all public development domains. Accordingly, the importance of the social component is constantly growing due to the fact that the existence of the state is closely linked to the extent to which it meets the needs of the general population. Increasingly, governments of different countries face the need to modernize social models in order to achieve reasonable, sustainable, and comprehensive development of the state as a whole and each of its regions individually. The article forms a system of indicators that characterize the level of modernization of social services and impact the processes of sustainable development. In the course of the research conducted across the regions of Ukraine, the basic indicators influencing the process of providing social services were summarized, and the leading regions and those that need special attention were identified. In addition, the need for constant monitoring of the components of the social services modernization level is justified. The efficiency of the state regional policy aimed at solving social problems and ensuring the achievement of appropriate living standards, etc. depends on comprehensive consideration of the systemic action of a set of social factors that determine it, and the use of a complete and representative system of indicators to assess this area at the level of economic development. The system of indicators to assess the real state of social services will help to improve resource management to modernize funding principles, clearly define target groups in this domain, and outline the most priority areas of its development, progressive changes in the proportion of labor, and inclusive spatial development of productive forces of Ukraine.
regional policy, modernization state, regional development, social services, demographic component of regional development, sphere of employment
The implementation of Ukraine's chosen course of authorities’ decentralization contains certain problems, challenges, and even threats that should be taken into account when implementing this strategy in the institutional body of the state, as well as in implementing the state map of productive forces modernization. The purpose of the article is to determine the essence of the concept of methodological strategizing of regional development in the conditions of Ukraine’s institutional base modernization. The article analyzes the main methodological aspects of modernization of the institutional basis of regional development, identifies formal and informal rules, patterns, maxims, factors, methods and vectors of institutional core formation, areas for improving the regulatory framework and civil society development. The essence of the concept of methodological strategizing of regional development in the conditions of Ukraine’s institutional base modernization is determined. The contradictions in the normative-legal base concerning the administrative-territorial structure, formation, and functioning of spatial economic formations on the basis of sustainability, establishment of efficient territorial management by local executive bodies and united territorial communities are emphasized. The modernization of the institutional basis of regional development in the context of authorities’ decentralization is confirmed to be also influenced by various factors that impact the efficiency of the implementation of the national inclusive sustainable development strategy. As a result of the research, the author's vision of the essence of methodological strategizing of regional development, which absolutely needs modernization of the institutional base of state formation, is outlined. The authors point out that the immediate standardization of the strategic course for the authorities’ decentralization in the Constitution of Ukraine should be the priority step in correcting the mistakes and the need for an institutional definition with the rights, responsibilities, and structure of local executive bodies.
institutional core, modernization of institutional base, regional development, localization of economic space, authorities’ decentralization, development of productive forces
The agro-industrial complex of Ukraine is one of the most relevant segments of the national economy, which provides an adequate level of food security of the regions and the state as a whole, as well as forms a significant amount of domestic expert material. However, institutional miscalculations of the state, underestimation of the peculiarities of the formation and functioning of domestic and foreign food markets, as well as ignoring the role of local governments and civil society institutions in rural development, led to agricultural enrichment, dominance of small-scale production, lack of motivation for integrated development formations, and depopulation of rural areas. The essence of modern EU agricultural policy in the third millennium and the need for our country to join it are studied. Methodological approaches to assessing the impact of agro-industrial enterprises on the integrated development of territorial communities in the context of decentralization of power are developed. The multifaceted nature of the process of functioning of agro-industrial production in the direction of ensuring the development of communities determines the influence of a significant number of factors. Generalizing scientific approaches in this area, all factors can be combined into several aggregate groups: production, consumption, social, institutional, and environmental orientation. The proposed methodological approaches to assessing such impact, in addition, provide an opportunity to develop areas for long-term mutually beneficial development of the entities in this system. The purpose of such promising parameters should be to develop mechanisms to ensure the production of high-quality food products, primarily for domestic consumption; to improve the level and quality of life of rural residents; to improve the system of management of territorial communities and formation of effective schemes of their interaction with business entities; to stimulate the activity of the population of the territories as a locomotive of these processes; to ensure the improvement of the ecological condition of settlements and environmental protection.
agro-industrial enterprise, balance and complexity of development of territorial communities, barriers of development of agro-industrial production, regularities, factors, principles of development, paradigmatic positions, axiological approaches
The problem of providing the sustainable development is aimed at the harmonizing of social, economic and environmental spheres of social development. The purpose of the article is to substantiate methodological approaches to ecologization of spatial development in Ukraine at the present stage of state formation, which is characterized by strengthening of the decentralization authority processes. The article takes into account the new rate of reasonable and balanced growth and proves approaches to the assessment of ecological processes of the region’s development. In the conditions of the decentralization of the social systems’ management processes, the importance of the trajectory of sustainable development of territorial communities and other taxonomic units has been updated. The methodology for the territorial community’s development in the conditions of institutional changes has been approved. The current practice shows that at the level of the territorial communities the parameters of their sustainability are not calculated or analyzed, though, in the conditions of the management processes decentralization it is significantly important. In the field of environmental protection it is expedient to introduce monitoring of the settlements pollution level and to strengthen the control of human waste management. For the comprehensive assessment of the territorial community’s development we propose to use such a criterion for evaluation as a sub-regional upgrade index. The base for the index could be statistical information, which is formed by the classical method of surveys. It could become a marker of the investment attractiveness of a particular territorial community and the task for the executive power and local government to take measures for the integrated and balanced development of all taxonomic units of the state. Effective regional development management is the significant factor of the productive forces modernization of the whole state, especially in the conditions of intensified globalization and integration processes. Under these circumstances ecologization problems deserve special attention. Political direction on the authority decentralization demands increased attention from the local authority to the environmental management and environmental protection.
The conceptual contour of social infrastructure as a catalyst for the modernization of the socio-humanitarian space of Ukrainian regions has been explored. The own definition of the social infrastructure has been suggested. Approaches to classification of social infrastructure in regions of Ukraine have been substantiated. It was determined that education is the main element of the social infrastructure, which provides qualitative human development. It was established that the availability of education depends on the material base of educational institutions, the number of educational institutions, their equipment, the level of qualifications of staff, the possibility of using educational institutions and the quality of services they provide. The main barriers of equal access of the population of Ukrainian regions to education and the reasons of their occurrence have been considered. It was proved that the comprehensive human development through creating of a complex of vital goods necessary for expanded reproduction is the determinant of social infrastructure functioning.
social infrastructure, social policy, social and humanitarian space, education, access to education
The article analyzes the current state of employment by regions. Non-traditional forms of employment in the context of the modernization of regional economies have been systematized. Atypical forms of employment have been considered: full employment in conditions of flexible forms of working time; underemployment; temporary employment; employment on the basis of secondary employment; employment contracts based on civil law; homework; work on call; distance employment; loan labor, informal employment. The issues of innovative transformational changes in employment are the key factors of launching and support of relevant processes. Promising innovations that will radically intensify the state employment policy for urban population are outlined. Innovative integrated program of vocational guidance is proposed to be introduced to address the lack of active career guidance policy based on the implementation of state incentives for the use of career guidance services to people of any age and stage of working life associated with higher employment promotion and creation systems providing such services and their availability. Perspective innovative forms of implementing the policy for creating jobs for the economically active population are the following: work on the basis of the use of online communication technologies that provide communication in the current time; upgraded home-based work, within which a man in self-selected modes and locations creates a product or product component, for which independent system integrator or customer interested builds logistics of raw materials and finished products; co-working – under which legally and functionally independent actors share a certain engineering, information, communications and other infrastructure to ensure proper business environment. In order to coordinate the atypical forms of employment special institutions are suggested to be created with the main task to organize measures to fill the gaps of atypical employment legal regulation, because the institutional framework must be adapted to innovative types of employment.
alternative employment, labor market, globalization, modernization, social labor relations, outstaffing, outsourcing, freelancing and leasing
Review on publication: Maksymchuk, M. V. (2016). Instytutsializatsiya rozvytku ekonomiky rehioniv Ukrayiny: teoriya i praktyka [Institutionalization of economic development of regions of Ukraine: Theory and practice]. Lviv: Dolishniy Institute of Regional Reseach of the NAS of Ukraine.
Priorities and competitive advantages of regional development not only lay in the plane of its economic system, but primarily they are manifested in its intellectual potential. It can be used as an innovative strategic resource of any region’s or even country’s efficient functioning. However, many scientific research papers concern only certain components of intellectual capacity, not taking into account its comprehensive meaning. A comprehensive approach to assessing the predictive capacity of regional economic systems will determine maximum capacity of regions of Ukraine for further effective implementation. The article aims to develop the principles and methodological approaches of estimation of regions’ intellectual potential in modern conditions. Modernization vector of Ukraine’s development require from the regions of our country to focus on new opportunities and resources for its effective functioning. These resources are information, knowledge, intelligence, experience, etc., and capabilities are intellectual, scientific-technical, information-communication and other potentials. Assessment of intellectual potential of regional economic systems should be based on correct methodological principles, dividing them into groups of general and specific nature, followed by the addition of authors’ a posteriori and meritocracy principles. Many domestic and foreign scientists have made a significant contribution to the methodology of assessing the intellectual potential of the region using a variety of tools and approaches. According to the authors, the generally accepted methods and approaches in the evaluation of intellectual potential of regions give primarily quantitative measurement of its component. Author evaluation method of intellectual potential of regional economic systems uses an integrated approach to the definition of the components of the weight capacity to identify causal relationships dynamic changes in its components and integrated assessment to aggregate trends in its further development. It is based on the author’s understanding of the essence of the intellectual potential of the region and includes the evaluation of science and technology, innovation, information and communication components, evaluation of human resources and the level of investment support of knowledge based sectors of economic activity. Given the current geopolitical realities and in order to give objective evaluation the calculations of intellectual development of regions are carried out on the basis of state statistics for 2010 - 2013 years because during this period integrity of scientific, industrial, educational and innovative space of our country was observed. Further assessment will not take into account the potential of Donetsk and Luhansk regions, and the annexed Crimea and town Sevastopol. Empirical measurement of levels of intellectual development of Ukraine’s regions showed that the city of Kyiv and Kyiv, Kharkiv, Lviv and Zaporizhya regions the leading regions. The negative trend of the most regions is explained by low domestic commercialization of scientific developments, the decline of investment resources, slowing of innovation development in manufacturing, underestimation of the role of education in increasing of competitive advantages at European and global levels.
regional development, assessment of intellectual potential, intellectual potential of regional economic systems, system of methodological principles
Excessive centralization in regional development not only significantly weakens influence of regional authorities on social and economic development of territories and virtually depriving them of the necessary resources, but also leads to a deepening asymmetry of spatial development. Therefore an urgent matter of today is the need to review the principles of the state policy of regional development.
The purpose of this article is a development of propositions on improvement of the methodological basis for forming a new paradigm of development that would facilitate the equalization of regional asymmetries based on maximizing of involvement of regional potential.
Vision of the state regional policy’s nature, its objectives and principles are formulated in this paper. State regional policy – is a set of goals, objectives and management measures of socio-economic and environmental development of the country in its regional context, aimed at compliance with the balance of regional landscapes and includes the relationship between the state and the regions, and among regions themselves.
The objectives of the state regional policy is: ensuring of compliance with social standards, including social comfort of living and opportunities for reproduction of human potential;reducing of the regional development asymmetry to an acceptable level;maximum exploitation of each region potential, taking into account the specific structure of the productive forces and the need for balanced regional development;environmental management and conservation of the environment for future generations;
The principles of state regional policy include common (balance, comprehensiveness, balanced development, prioritization, science, optimality, sustainability, legitimacy, historicism, perspective, consistency, subsidiarity, objectivity, effectiveness, proportionality, transparency, synergy) and specific (relevance, eventuality, adaptability, innovativeness, heuristic, creativity, complementarity, integration).
Methodical approaches of taking account of the degree of asymmetry in levels of regional development were suggested. They are used in the implementation of modern regional development strategy and making management decisions in this area by implementing economic and mathematical model for determining the levels of integrated regional development by components of sustainable development – «economy», «society», «environment».
Estimates that were conducted by the suggested method revealed significant systemic disparities in economic and social level of Ukraine’s regions and levels of environmental safety.
Also the institutional preconditions of forming of a new regional development paradigm were defined. They include adoption of series of basic laws on regional policy and amendments to the existing legal framework. The most important of these laws should become the law of Ukraine «About the Principles of Regional Policy», and amendments to the existing legal framework.
At the paper was emphasized on the necessity of forming of a new regional development paradigm through a combination of decentralization, namely delegation of administrative powers to the local level elected bodies, and deconcentration – the transfer of authority to the local level authorities, that have to provide a synergistic effect on reforming of the regional development management.
state regional policy, regional development, regional asymmetry, decentralization, deconcentration
The definition of concept “floristic market” has been clarified, the components of the floristic markets have been represented. The system of principles of relations and functions of floristic products market development has been improved. The complex of the most important classification characteristics of the system of floristic products markets and criteria for its structuring has been determined.
floristic market, decorative gardening, market of products of floriculture, floristics, design, features of the floristic market, classification of floristic market
The role of small enterprises in innovative development of region is defined. The system of principles of small entrepreneurship development is developed and the methodical aspects of estimation of its innovative activity are offered.
small entrepreneurship, innovative development, innovative activity of small entrepreneurship
Current state of roads network is examined, problems accompanying its development having an effect on tourist service sphere are analyzed. On the basis of the offered methodology the average grade of tourist objects transport availability in the regions of Ukraine is calculated. The regions where tourist potential management can be activated through improvement of transport accessibility to their architectural and historical resources are defined. Directions of transport infrastructure improvement with a view to assist strengthening of tourist potential of Ukraine are offered.
tourist potential, roads, transport corridors, transport availability
To estimate the investment activity the investigation of methodical approaches is carried out; the system of methodological principles, which are the basis of the regional investment processes estimation, is outlined. Along with well-known methodological principles of investment processes at regional level, the principles of general and specific nature are reviewed and their characteristic is given. The author’s methodology of determining of the efficiency of investment potential is justified and implemented. The methods of calculation of investment activity of the regional economic systems and of the use of investment potential are also offered. The grouping of regions of Ukraine according to the index of investment activity and the index of investment potential is undertaken.
Different approaches to the researches of regional problems of development of fruit and vegetable industry in Ukraine have been considered and critically analysed. Regional features of development of fruit and vegetable markets in Ukraine and perspective tendencies have been substantiated. The prospects of development of fruit and vegetable industry of Ukraine according to a cluster model, grounded and approved author’s method of determination of potential clusters and their kernels have been aprobated. The author’s hypothesis on the decisive role of elements of sale infrastructure for allocation and development of fruit and vegetable industry of Ukraine have been confirmed by calculations.
regional approach, fruit and vegetable industry, cluster, concentration
Citations
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butko.mykola@ukr.net
UDC 711.437.4:631.11; JEL B25, R12, Q10