UDC 330.34:[332.122:338.43]:332.025.1:005.216.3; JEL O18, Q01, R11 Honcharenko, I. V., & Bohoslavska, A. V. (2017). Kontseptsiya «Smart City» u zabezpechenni staloho rozvytku sil's'kykh poselen' [Тhe concept of «Smart City» in order to achieve a sustainable development of rural settlements]. Rehional'na ekonomika - Regional Economy, 84(2), 98-104. [in Ukrainian]. Sources: 15
Authors
Resume
Negative tendencies in the social, economical, cultural, demographical and ecological processes make differences between level of life and economic development of rural and urban areas even stronger. It is obvious that under such conditions, development of the areas by using methods and models of the last century is already impossible. Therefore, the approaches implemented by world leaders should be taken into account, because in many countries, cities and corporations the task of the first order is the formation and implementation of innovative strategies for sustainable development as a basic security model in the future. At the initiative of technology corporations the concept of «smart city» has become very popular, first of all because this concept in the current interpretation has combined capabilities of information, modern technology and communication of social capital in the process of achievement of sustainable development goals. Ukraine is also involved in the global trends as in the Strategy for Sustainable Development «Ukraine – 2020» it is stressed that it is necessary to ensure sustainable development of the country, raising living standards, sustainable economic growth in an environmentally sustainable manner. In 2016, a web service «Smart City» was developed; it implements the concept of «Smart City» in terms of IT and provides tools for the process optimization government and combat corruption. An experience of the developed countries shows that implementation of the ideas of «Smart City» helps to improve technology of the energy efficiency, reduce environmental pollution, increase social inclusion and also can give ability for businesses to provide a good return of their investments, and for public to have an attractive and healthy environment for life. Obviously, ability to process information, a modern infrastructure and creative management may be associated with small towns. The basic elements of settlements’ development under the principles of «Smart City» can be the following: creating of the innovation center for searching and selection of the most effective technologies in order to ensure the functioning of the settlement; providing of an open access to the projects of «Smart Cities» in order to attract all residents; creating of a culture of the population behavior according to the new requirements; investing into the staff training and attracting of the qualified professionals from other regions; improving of the quality of life of specific people (the technology of «smart home», security systems) and socially relevant initiatives («smart» technologies in energy, housing); ensuring of the availability of self-government technology for all segments of society. Therefore, for rural settlements of Ukraine a sustainable development approaches, the investments particularly into the social and human capital, a modern information and communication infrastructure, the production technology will provide economic development, an improvement of the quality of life and environmental management.
Keywords:
sustainable development, rural settlements, concept of «Smart City»
References
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The system of budget decentralization risks in Ukraine is defined. Major problems of budget decentralization are outlined as following: unbalance of local budgets’ income and expenses due to the lack of sources to cover the liabilities transferred to the local budgets; absence of social standards and criteria on liabilities set and delegated by the state to local self-governing bodies in descriptive and value terms; violation of social justice principle in terms of repayment of privileges approved by Verhovna Rada of Ukraine; initiative on elimination of excise tax on retail trade in excisable goods; unfinished process of territorial communities combining stipulates additional burden in terms of budget system balancing. The ways to improve the mechanisms of budget regulation for maintenance of further accomplishment of budget decentralization reform’s tasks and achievement of its goal are suggested. The major directions are: development of state social standards; maintenance of correspondence between local budgets’ financial resources and the delegated liabilities; assurance of social privileges targeting; improvement of local taxes and fees efficiency; maintenance of inter-budgetary relations efficiency; solution of the issues on debt repayment of State Budget on Privileges and Subsidies; assurance of sectoral decentralization in the health care sphere; maintenance of sectoral decentralization in the educational sphere; provision of budget costs’ efficient management.
budget decentralization, expenses, income, local budgets, local self-governing bodies
Trade in rural areas has extended significantly and now occupies a special place in the social sphere and multifunctional rural economy In Ukraine. However, the nature of its development, the efficiency of functioning and the level of competitiveness do not correspond to perspective transformations in rural areas and global trends in the development of the agrarian sector. Trade in the countryside is developing unsystematically, in a deformed and contradictory way. The key reason for such a situation is the lack of modern fundamental research in this direction and the uncertainty of strategic priorities for its development. The above mentioned objectively gives relevance to the problem of strategic development of rural trade on a scientific basis within the framework of modern concepts, programs and effective trade policy. The purpose of the article is to provide scientific substantiation of strategic priorities of development and functioning of trade in rural areas under the influence of determinant factors. The strategic directions of the development of trade in rural areas in the conditions of rural development intensification are investigated. The essential characteristic of rural trade, the tendencies and the character of its modern development are described. Significant deformations and imbalances in the development and functioning of rural trade, inconsistency of its potential with the requirements and principles of agrarian policy are revealed. The socio-economic and institutional environment of development and functioning of rural trade is analyzed. The active strategic forces, under the influence of which the priorities of development of rural trade are formed, are grounded and determined. The essence, content and character of the main priorities of the perspective development of trade in rural areas are revealed. The conceptual structural model of rural trade is proposed and its main tasks are substantiated. It is proved that the new model of rural trade should become an organic component of the village’s economic system and promote its social, organizational and innovative development.
trade in rural areas, rural areas, retail and wholesale trade, trade infrastructure, resource potential, strategic priorities, conceptual model of trade
The problem of human and social capital formation is closely connected to the functioning of the education system. From the standpoint of a system approach, education is a functional institution of a society, which has its own structure and specific aim of functioning. The complication of social and manufacturing, information and intellectual relations in the processes of civilization development generates increased requirements for the functioning of social and industrial subsystems, which can be solved only by means of education. The functioning of the education system is not just the transfer of knowledge and the development of a person, but also the intellectual support of socio-economic development. Educational functions play a key role in the pace of civilization progress in the nearest future. In the context of sustainable development, an important moment in the role of education is that knowledge has the ability to grow and deepen. As a result, education carries out the transfer of knowledge to the next generation, which provides for a progressive development of future generations. Today, education is seen as a continuous process that lasts throughout life and is characterized not only by the replenishment of the information stock, but by the change in its structure and forms in accordance with the new requirements. From the point of view of economic development, education is the source of creating new opportunities and resources for development that significantly changes the quality of human life, ensures the achievement of harmony of natural, social and spiritual human nature. Knowledge and information allow achieving the set goals, minimizing the resources, convincing people of their personal interest for these purposes. According to some estimates, today in the world about 70% of gross domestic product (GDP) growth is due to the application of new knowledge embodied in innovative production and management technologies. Knowledge as a special resource of social development has the properties of continuous reproduction and accumulation. However, like any resource, knowledge is prone to destruction, impoverishment and, moreover, unlike natural resources, the usefulness of which is beyond doubt, the usefulness of knowledge may be questionable. This happens when knowledge (in the context of education problems) is considered and analyzed as a narrow category that involves only professionalism, in isolation from the morality of the subject (individual or organization) – the bearer of knowledge. Today the rates of obsolescence of knowledge grow; the life cycle of goods (services) is reduced. Companies gain advantages in a competitive struggle by creating strategies that focus not on predicting and analyzing the external environment, but, above all, on the efficient increasing and using of their own resources, primarily intellectual ones. It is obvious that intellectual activity cannot be performed without fundamental knowledge, i.e. the knowledge necessary for the education of a graduate of an educational institution, which allows forming a valuable-meaningful system for orienting a person in the flows of information.
education, knowledge, human capital, resource, development, economics
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