UDC 332.021; JEL O18, R10, M39 Budnikevych, I. M., & Havrysh, I. I. (2017). Polityka pryvablyvosti rehioniv: sut', vydy ta uspishni praktyky [Regions’ attractiveness policy: nature, types and successful practices]. Rehional'na ekonomika - Regional Economy, 85(3), 28-35. [in Ukrainian]. Sources: 15
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Resume
Relevance of the problem treatment concerning nature and formation mechanism of regional attractiveness policy is determined by the necessity to achieve balance between interests of separate target audiences’ (for example, investors), territorial communities’ and national interests. Therefore, it changes the task ranking of the regional attractiveness management from private to socially important. The fact that foundation of the current regional policy of attractiveness is laid on marketing approach and customer orientation is emphasized, which in turn implies a high degree of decentralization of decision-making and freedom of the local authorities in choosing the priority goals, methods, means and tools for forming, strengthening and enhancing the attractiveness of the region for different target audiences. The article objective is to determine the nature and types of regional attractiveness policy and to provide description of successful foreign practices of their implementation. The nature of regional attractiveness policy is examined as a set of goals, tasks, intentions, actions, methods, means, institutions aimed at drawing the attention of target audiences to a specific region. They are developed and implemented by territorial authorities with the active part of community members and they influence different types of attractiveness through territorial programs and development strategies. It is noted that the marketing approach forms new directions and defines specific tasks of regional attractiveness policy. The policy subjects and objects are determined and the following types of regional attractiveness policy are examined: exogenous, endogenous, formalized and non-formalized policy. The definition is proposed and the nature of certain types of regional policy is considered: active/stimulating regional policy of attraction provides active actions to create the necessary conditions and institutions, which make the region more attractive for the target audiences to establish new types of activities (to curtail ineffective ones), new forms of social relations, enhancement of the region innovation and use of the territorial community members’ creative potential; compensatory regional attractiveness policy is aimed at supporting stability of the institutional environment; adaptive regional attractiveness policy is directed at the continuous situational creating of conditions and developing of means that promote the leveling of threats and reducing the uncertainty of activity expediency in the region under conditions of pre-crisis, crisis and critical state; counteractive regional attractiveness policy is aimed at: reducing of territories’ attractiveness with varying degrees of influence for unwanted target audiences, constraining objective development processes of separate branches of regional economy (varying from temporary hindering to creating impasse) and ensuring selective support for individual projects and programs. It is noted that each type of regional attractiveness policy provides for the development and implementation of regional programs that consider features, needs, interests, expected benefits of each target audience. Special attention is paid to successful foreign practices in the implementation of their tools. It is concluded that the marketing approach to regional attractiveness policy implies multivariate regional development, version diversity for interaction and partner models, selection of effective technologies, methods and tools for its implementation, taking into account successful practice of developed countries with its obligatory adaptation to native conditions. Experience in forming and implementing regional attractiveness policy in foreign countries offers a wide variety of effective marketing strategies, technologies and tools that are distinguished by complex approach, pre-term orientation, detailing, precise structuring, interconnection with other regional programs, taking into account the influence of a separate project on all indicators of the regional development. The effectiveness of regional attractiveness policy in foreign countries is ensured by its institutional capacity that is the interconnection and interdependence of all the types of attraction considering interests of different participants.
Negative tendencies in the social, economical, cultural, demographical and ecological processes make differences between level of life and economic development of rural and urban areas even stronger. It is obvious that under such conditions, development of the areas by using methods and models of the last century is already impossible. Therefore, the approaches implemented by world leaders should be taken into account, because in many countries, cities and corporations the task of the first order is the formation and implementation of innovative strategies for sustainable development as a basic security model in the future. At the initiative of technology corporations the concept of «smart city» has become very popular, first of all because this concept in the current interpretation has combined capabilities of information, modern technology and communication of social capital in the process of achievement of sustainable development goals. Ukraine is also involved in the global trends as in the Strategy for Sustainable Development «Ukraine – 2020» it is stressed that it is necessary to ensure sustainable development of the country, raising living standards, sustainable economic growth in an environmentally sustainable manner. In 2016, a web service «Smart City» was developed; it implements the concept of «Smart City» in terms of IT and provides tools for the process optimization government and combat corruption. An experience of the developed countries shows that implementation of the ideas of «Smart City» helps to improve technology of the energy efficiency, reduce environmental pollution, increase social inclusion and also can give ability for businesses to provide a good return of their investments, and for public to have an attractive and healthy environment for life. Obviously, ability to process information, a modern infrastructure and creative management may be associated with small towns. The basic elements of settlements’ development under the principles of «Smart City» can be the following: creating of the innovation center for searching and selection of the most effective technologies in order to ensure the functioning of the settlement; providing of an open access to the projects of «Smart Cities» in order to attract all residents; creating of a culture of the population behavior according to the new requirements; investing into the staff training and attracting of the qualified professionals from other regions; improving of the quality of life of specific people (the technology of «smart home», security systems) and socially relevant initiatives («smart» technologies in energy, housing); ensuring of the availability of self-government technology for all segments of society. Therefore, for rural settlements of Ukraine a sustainable development approaches, the investments particularly into the social and human capital, a modern information and communication infrastructure, the production technology will provide economic development, an improvement of the quality of life and environmental management.
sustainable development, rural settlements, concept of «Smart City»
The work is dedicated to research of externalities, positive effects of a meso-level of international integration formations represented by network structures of intra-industrial and inter-industrial cooperation in a form of cross-border cluster systems. Major objectives of the work are, as follows: to prove statement, that international integration schemes in the form of cross-border clusters generate positive externalities which catalyze euroregional competitiveness; to apply newer approaches to revealing and systematization of cluster externalities; to emphasize special part played by network externalities and effect of «knowledge spill-over» within the cluster framework being of utmost importance for formation of cross-border cluster systems and increasing their competitiveness. Basing on the above research it seems reasonable to formulate specifics of cluster model in cross-border cooperation as the most adequate in modern conditions of global economy development and current stage of integration of Ukraine in general and, in particular, within the framework of the EU economic space.
Elaboration of the system for diagnostics of economic security of the territories at different levels refers to a relatively new and methodically unsolved problem. But its relevance increased significantly for the last time period. This is mainly due to the social, economic and political transformations in the country, in-depth content of which is the commitment of Ukraine to being an equal member of the European community, entry into the world economy, and regionalization of the economy, associated with development of the local government, transition to the market regulation, expansion of the management system’s subjects by the formation of territorial communities and their self-sufficiency increase. Approaches to risk management at the regional level in the sphere of social and labor relations are substantiated. Special attention is devoted to the study of possible risks in the demographic development, migration processes and employment in Zakarpattia Oblast. The main reasons, generating prerequisites for risks’ occurrence in terms of the forms of their manifestation on local labor markets, are considered. On the basis of the performed analysis, structuring of probable threats and outlining of approaches to the formation of the risk management mechanism are presented. It is defined that evaluation of risks in the sphere of social and labor relations indicates the spatial relation, which means their consideration as complex object-subject phenomena characterized by local peculiarities and forms of manifestation, and determined by uncertainty, ambiguousness and multi-factor character of those risks. This circumstance contributes to specificity of the mechanism for risk management, which instruments are directed on taking preventive measures by impact on cause-and-effect relations, their appearance, occurrence and blocking.
security, risks, region, social and labor relations, management mechanism
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UDC 330.34:[332.122:338.43]:332.025.1:005.216.3; JEL O18, Q01, R11