The administrative-territorial reform, which is being carried out in Ukraine, has updated the search for new ways of endogenous development of its regions. Now, the real decentralization of power is one of the main priorities of the initiated changes. This should increase the institutional and managerial capacity of local governments in both individual communities and regions. At the same time, achieving this goal will be difficult if we ignore the current trends of globalization and the impact of globalization factors on the endogenous development of regions. However, recent practices show that globalization factors can have not only stimulating but also limiting effects. These factors can also reduce the efficiency of regional development potential. The case of the spread of quarantine restrictions in many countries caused by the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic can serve as an example. As a result, the government institutions of different states and their regional local governments face a number of serious challenges of socio-economic nature. The negative factors of globalization impact on the endogenous development of regions in modern conditions include: non-tariff restrictions generated by environmental, security or socio-psychological motives; opportunistic behavior of residents or businesses; corruption and the shadow economy; insufficient quality of human and social capital. It results in restrictions on the free movement of people, goods and capital under the pretext of protecting citizens from viral threats or from potentially harmful consumer goods. Another argument is the ban on using dishonestly acquired financial resources. As opposed, the main positive aspects of globalization’s impact on endogenous development of regions include: activation of interregional and cross-border cooperation, improvement of regional institutional and information infrastructure, local governments’ openness to cooperate with foreign investors and international donor organizations, cultural integration and implementation of democratic practices of public administration in regions, including instruments of participatory governance.
globalization factors, deglobalization, regions endogenous development, regional economy, self-development potential of the region
The article deals with the problems of integration of internally forced migrants in Ukraine in the context of a protracted military and political conflict. The definition and essence of the concept “integration of migrants” in the context of forced internal migration in Ukraine are considered. The state of forced migration in the country as a result of a long-term military and political conflict is analyzed. Internally displaced person (IDP) is considered as a specific category of internal forced migrants. The main indicators of IDP integration are identified as employment opportunities, access to health care and social services, availability of housing, access to education and training for children and adults, communication and social contacts, and the opportunity to vote. The nature, content and participants of the actual process of integration of internally displaced persons are established. It is specified that the success of integration is determined by the combined active interaction of three main factors: government policy on IDP integration; the willingness of the local community to accept IDPs and the desire of IDPs to integrate into the local community. Indicators and aspects of forced relocation, which should be taken into account by the Government’s policy in the process of developing tools for the integration of migrants, are formulated. The challenges faced by migrants as well as residents of host communities are analyzed. Teachers of the displaced university are considered as a specific focus group for a sociological survey of IDP integration. Indicators of forced migrants’ self-assessment of their integration level into local communities are analyzed. The indicators of integration of teachers in the relocated university are compared with similar indicators in Ukraine as a whole. An assessment of the level of trust of displaced teachers in the local community and migrant colleagues is made. The main reasons for the lack of full trust of migrants in local residents are identified. A sociological survey of displaced teachers of the relocated university shows a lack of their integration into the local community and a negative social and psychological state. The inability to restore the pre-crisis level of well-being, unsatisfactory living conditions, latent social conflicts on political and cultural grounds and a low level of trust in local residents hinder the integration process. Ways to strengthen and deepen the integration of migrants into host communities are identified. The migrants are suggested to be considered a valuable human resource that has professional knowledge and experience, the initiator of starting a new business and a carrier of culture.
internal forced migration, integration of migrants, internally displaced person, host community, conditions of integration, National Monitoring System, integration indicators, self-assessment of integration, displaced university, trust
Securing the accessibility of qualitative educational services at all levels is among the defining benchmarks of the impact of mechanisms regulating the educational institutions’ competitiveness. The category of accessibility in educational management acquires legal, social, and economic content. The legal content emphasizes the need to regulate the accessibility criteria generated by the respective human rights. Sociality specifies the opportunity to consume qualitative educational services for different groups of the population – following a set of national, demographic, valeological, status-related, financial, and settlement-related criteria. The economic content of educational services accessibility shows market (competitive) conditions that define the price parameters of various services under the impact of demand and supply depending on the level of state impact, while the population demonstrates different purchase power in relation to them. The article aims to examine the principles of free education in Ukraine and analyze the features of their impact on the competitiveness of educational institutions. It addresses the conceptual foundations of inclusive education in Ukraine. Various criteria of educational services accessibility are determined based on their consideration dimensions. The key human rights in education are generalized, including in terms of getting free access to them. The systemic measures in securing the competitiveness of education are substantiated. The educational accessibility criterion is determined based on the analysis of the Constitution of Ukraine and the National Education Development Doctrine, including in terms of provisions related to the maintenance of equal access of citizens to qualitative and free education. The analysis of the state policy in securing the realization of the right to free education in Ukraine has allowed outlining the major approaches and defining the nature of such a policy.
educational institutions, right to education, free education, competitiveness, educational services
The article identifies the main directions of pharmaceutical market regulation in modern conditions as it is influenced by many endogenous and exogenous factors: health, living standards, effective demand, and regional disparities. This is due to the fact that in the conditions of market development, the most significant transformations take place in the social and labor sphere, in particular in the sphere of health care. The main purpose of the article is to study the state and trends of the pharmaceutical market and find ways to regulate it in the context of social security. Systematization of literature sources and approaches to solving the problem of pharmaceutical market regulation in the context of social security shows that Ukrainian and foreign scholars have studied these issues, but in modern conditions, there is a need to find new directions of pharmaceutical market regulation for optimal social security. The research of this issue was carried out in the following logical sequence: determination of results, formation of main tasks, directions of research of the state of the pharmaceutical market, analysis of directions of regulation of the pharmaceutical market in the context of social security. The methodological tools of the study include the system of economic laws, concepts and categories, the fundamental provisions of modern economic theory and applied economics, and statistics. The general methodological basis of the research includes the abstract-logical complex approach and methods of analysis and synthesis. The indicators of the implementation of the state program “Affordable Medicines” constitute the object of the study as they contribute to the search for ways to regulate the pharmaceutical market in the context of social security.
pharmaceutical market, social security, market demonopolization, reimbursement of medicine costs, co-financing, state auction, trade in medicines
Using annual data of 37 countries for 2010-2018, the paper studies the relationship between the average GDP growth rate and several exogenous variables analyzed in the context of the Optimal Currency Area (OCA), such as openness for trade and capital flows, inflation and synchronization of the business cycles, based on the cross-section regression model. Similar relationships are estimated for the quarterly time series of Ukraine’s economy for 2010-2020. The paper argues that the GDP rate is positively related to both the openness to foreign trade and lower inflation, a result in line with the implications of the OCA theory. However, a similar stimulating effect of the capital inflows for Ukraine significantly differs from the opposite outcome obtained in the estimates of the cross-section regression for 37 countries. Our results mean that openness for trade is not excessive in Ukraine. While most countries have experienced a decline in the share of exports and imports in GDP since 2010, an upward trend in Ukraine, similar to the Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, can be viewed in a favourable way. As there is an inverse relationship between the average GDP growth rate and initial GDP per capita, it is an argument in support of the neoclassical long-term growth models. It is clear that middle-income countries experience the convergence of income in line with the provisions of the neoclassical theory. However, net capital inflows do not play any role in the convergence process, thus rejecting one of the pillars of the neoclassical theory. For the cross-section estimates, no link between economic growth and business cycle synchronization with the main trade partner is detected. On the other hand, economic growth in Ukraine is closely related to the GDP dynamics in the Eurozone, being an extra argument in favour of the European integration process in general and the OCA theory in particular. It is worth noting that the exchange rate depreciation brings about a GDP slowdown in Ukraine. Such an outcome implies that any efforts to compensate for the worsening of the external conditions with an accommodating exchange rate policy seem to be counterproductive. Also, it argues in favour of stable exchange rate arrangements. In a conventional way, an increase in Ukraine’s lending rate is associated with a decrease in the GDP growth rate.
Based on modern economic theories and their comparative analysis, the role and essence of localism and its derived phrases formed under the influence of globalization and regionalization of the world economic space are clarified. The authors highlight the methodological foundations of localization, transformation of homogeneous and heterogeneous structures of modern regions, instruments of regional and local security and many other developments. Modern trends in the development of local areas in particular and localism in general are highlighted. The advantages and risks of global localization (new organizational design, cost optimization, global hubizm, growing singularity) are identified. The paper argues that parameterization and platformization are the important identification base of localization, which allow local governments to choose the appropriate development strategies (expansion, narrowing, cybernetic). Systematic analysis and generalization of different points of view by mostly foreign authors allow defining localism as a systemic ideology, methodology and practice of hyperconcentration of entrepreneurial and governmental activities within the traditional economic space (linear level), office-entrepreneurial and entertainment business in the form of multi-storey modules and systems (vertical level), as well as digitized networks and nodes (virtual level). Therefore, the paper concludes that localization should be understood as a complex multistructural economic and sociocultural process of microregions development and harmonization with the help of selective regulatory instruments, as well as a verified model of competitive relations between individual taxonomic units. Authors argue, that the modern process of localization is under the influence of creativity, westernization, cosmopolitanization, clustering, intellectualization and collaboration, the systemic influence of which will contribute to the formation of one of the possible strategies of economic activity. At the applied level, European regional localization design is represented by the ever-increasing amount of funding from the European Regional Development Fund. The article identifies the features of the European local-regional taxonomy and shows the role of EU mechanisms and tools in the process of regulating the development of local models.
globalism, regionalism, localism, locality, NUTS, EU
The progress of digital technologies opens new opportunities for economic growth in general and the intensification of industrial production in particular. Issues directly related to the digitalization of industry are now on the agenda of reputable international organizations, national governments, and business representatives, and are at the center of attention of the scientific community. Studies of the phenomenon of industry digitalization are especially important for Ukraine, whose industrial sector has been in decline for a long time. The paper within the framework of a multilevel structural-functional approach highlights the essence, main advantages and problematic aspects of digitalization of industrial systems at local, regional and national levels, as well as highlights the key factors of successful modernization of the processes of design, production and consumption of industrial products under the influence of the involvement of information and digital technologies. The paper argues that the speed and success of the “digital transition” of industrial enterprises depend not only on the existing conditions for accelerated development of technological innovations or the formation of “road maps” of digitalization of certain industries or regions but also on the behavior of companies, their competitors and consumers of their products. The directions of modernization of the management system of industrial development in the conditions of the Ukrainian realities are considered. A matrix structure of program tasks to support the digitalization of the region’s industrial system is proposed. It will allow coordination of the activities of public authorities, local governments, research and educational institutions, businesses and NGOs to support measures for the digitalization of the region’s industrial system, and generate and adsorb relevant innovations. Widespread use of benchmarking methods is proposed for the successful digitalization of industrial systems at the local level.
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UDC 332.1:339.92, JEL R11, F01