The article updates the issue of the transition to a green economy. It emphasizes that the green economy policy faces a number of contradictions and problems that make its implementation a difficult task. The tools and mechanisms for implementing the transition to a green economy are substantiated, taking into account the theoretical foundations of the ecological economy. These include economic, regulatory, and informational tools and international/interregional cooperation. The interpretation of the concepts of green economy and green growth is presented. The tools and mechanisms for implementing the transition to a green economy in the context of the Green Growth Strategy are defined, namely: economic, regulatory, and informational tools, international/interregional cooperation, the development of green innovations, and raising the environmental awareness of the population. The essence and main tasks of the European Green Deal are considered. Attention is focused on the consideration of financial instruments, the use of which will make it possible to mobilize the necessary investments in order to transform various sectors of the EU economy to reduce emissions into the atmosphere. The necessity and possibilities of the transition to a green economy in Ukraine are substantiated. Directions and measures for increasing the efficiency of ecological development of the regions of Ukraine are proposed: development of new and improvement of existing tools, introduction of incentives for the use of ecological development tools, raising awareness and involvement of the public in the processes of ecological development, strengthening the institutional capacity for the implementation and monitoring of environmental policy, and minimizing threats to agriculture. The article notes that the green economy is still a relatively new phenomenon, so many researchers and political circles oppose the implementation of its initiatives, including economic liberals, conservatives, and certain industrial groups. The main reasons for non-acceptance of a number of initiatives of the European Green Course by the farmers of European countries are identified. 

green economy, ecological economy, green growth, tools, mechanisms, sustainable development 

The article emphasizes the significant role of environmental factors in the development of sustainable tourism. The essence of the competitiveness of the tourism and recreation sphere in the context of the environmental component is determined. The purpose of the article is to determine the environmental factors influencing the competitiveness of the tourism and recreation sphere of the region, evaluate them from the point of view of manageability, and determine the prerequisites for ensuring the sustainable development of the region. The main elements influencing the ecological stability of the tourism and recreation sphere are substantiated. Groups of managed and unmanaged environmental factors influencing the competitiveness of tourism and recreation are identified. The assessment of the competitiveness of the tourism and recreation sphere of the regions of Ukraine is based on the general methodological approaches used in the calculation of the travel and tourism competitiveness indices (The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index, TTCI). An algorithm and environmental indicators are defined. The results of the assessment of the impact of environmental factors on the competitiveness of the tourism and recreation sphere are presented. The article points out that in the conditions of the war and the post-war period, the assessment of the impact of environmental factors and the forecasting of their consequences on the competitiveness of the tourism and recreation sphere of the region is complicated by the need to carry it out from different positions: damage to natural resources and ecosystems; environmental pollution; loss of biodiversity; reconstruction of tourist identity. The following methods and strategies are proposed to contribute to the achievement of ecological development of the tourism and recreation industry: ensuring the sustainable use of natural resources; using environmentally friendly technologies and materials in hotels and other tourist infrastructure; developing ecotourism and other forms of tourism that contribute to the preservation of the natural environment and draw attention to environmental issues; applying the system of ecosystem restoration and waste minimization; developing ecological management of tourism; conducting environmental education among the local population and tourists. 

tourism and recreation sphere, competitiveness, evaluation, ecological stability of tourism, environmental factors, region, sustainable development 

Attention is drawn to the threatening scale of problems in the field of waste management, the direct correlation between the dynamics of socio-economic development and the accumulation of waste, which requires the formation of an adequate waste management system based on a territorially balanced approach. The importance of assessing the impact of quantitative and qualitative parameters of waste generation / utilization that form the territorial balance of waste management systems is emphasized. The organizational and economic factors that determine the volume and structure of waste generation / utilization and to which we primarily refer the macroeconomic situation in the country, economic activity of enterprises, logistics, economic, environmental levers and production restrictions are substantiated. The importance of governmental institutions in providing conditions for responsible treatment of waste management and in the use of administrative and incentive instruments to influence these processes is emphasized By changing the structure of production, a trade-off can be found between market demand for products and the cost of production, taking into account the prospective cost of waste management. The experience of European countries shows that modern recycling technologies must meet the criteria of environmental friendliness, economy, long-term availability of raw materials for recycling and demand for recycling technologies from the point of view of the sale of recycled waste components. We are convinced that the processing enterprise for the successful functioning of the company must be a business project, not a social project. This alters the motivation of management and focuses its strategy on economic outcomes that will produce social and environmental effects. The feasibility of using a public-private partnership scheme can provide a synergistic effect in the waste management system. Emphasis is placed on the effect-forming role of the socio-legal group of factors, which include the level of environmental awareness of waste generators, responsibility for violation of technological standards, ability to organize the sorting of household waste, state priorities for the implementation of waste management policy, legal responsibility for unauthorized waste. 

territorially-balanced waste management system, waste generation, waste utilization, region, balance, factors, organizational and economic factors, innovation and technological factors, social and legal factors 

The modern approaches to solving the problem of mountain areas in European countries are considered. The decisive role of agriculture in their development is emphasized. The analysis confirms that the problems of economic, ecological and social kind within mountainous areas of European countries are solved either by means of active agrarian policy or within the framework of regional mountain policy realization aimed at compensation of negative influence of natural and climatic resource properties of mountains territories, through providing of investment support for the development of priority types and spheres of economic activity, in particular agriculture. The Common Agricultural Policy costs of 2007-2013 for improving the rural conditions and agriculture in Austria and the integrated approach of Switzerland to rural development and mountain regions are considered in detail. The conclusions are that the majority of mountainous countries form a mountainous development policy strategy aimed at compensating for the negative impact of the natural and climatic resource properties of the mountain areas, providing investment support for the development of priority types and spheres of economic activity, in particular agriculture. We position the implementation of comprehensive accounting and monitoring of the land resources condition as a determining, driving and stimulating precondition for achieving progress in socio-economic development of mountain areas. This will allow changing the character of economic activity and improving the investment climate in mountainous regions. Considerable attention is paid to the issue of agricultural manufactures stimulation in the mountainous areas. The main disadvantages of the national system of the mountain agriculture stimulation, which do not allow disclosing the possibilities of these territories to the fullest extent, are identified. The directions of agricultural producers’ economic support in the mountainous regions of Ukraine were suggested in order to prevent the decline of the agrarian sphere of local population employment, which is traditionally leading for such territories. We are convinced that the policy of mountain farming in Ukraine should be guided by the principles and fundamentals of the updated Common Agricultural Policy of the EU, and that by granting the state support to the agrarian sector of the mountain regions economy it is possible to approach the resolution of the extremely important problems of compliance with the environmental requirements in agricultural production. The directions of agriculture ecologization in the mountainous areas were suggested. 

mountain territories, mountain policy, agriculture, stimulation instruments, agricultural producer support 

Development of a system should be based on the relevant fundamental principles that are the basis of its elements’ interrelation. In the waste management system the principles form the basis for the main reference points in the process of legal environment formation by the system’s greater control section. These principles also determine the requirements for building an effective institutional structure and the outlined policy implementation at all levels of management hierarchy. In addition, the basic principles should underlie the internal believes of each person and form his/her daily behavior, that is they should be understandable and acceptable by every member of the society. In this context, a technical version of the project on the National Strategy for Waste Management offered by the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources makes up a certain scientific interest for us. The review of the formulated guiding principles gives reasons to refine and detail them and expand their list considering the critical importance of the National Strategy for Regional Development and having in view the environmental problems layer that already exist in Ukraine. The article aims to form the principles of waste management system, based on the project proposals and author’s supplements with the appropriate interpretation for intended use. The author emphasizes that comprehensive fundamental and applied research in theoretical and empirical levels should be based on both legislative and executive functions in the waste management and treatment. Therefore, it is unacceptable to neglect the role of science in the system of waste management development. Promoting the ecologically safe technologies of production, implementation of the effective waste management schemes, creating a legal framework for administrative action and providing service for all the participants in social and economic relations –these are the main actions on the principle of ecologization. It is claimed that state institutions play a significant role in forming social responsibility of a manufacturer along with its own environmental awareness. The high cost of environmental effects requires the implementation of the intended measures to prevent them, which requires taking into account the principle of their cause and effect assessment. Strategically important vector of the waste management development is its focus on alternatives for their use based on the implementation of innovative achievements of the scientific and technological progress, harmonization of material and provision parameters – information and financial flows, taking into account the value of each elementary operation (transportation, storage of waste, recycling etc.) and others. 

principles, waste management system, waste generation, waste utilization 

It was considered an issue of the information provision of the regional environmental policy of Ukraine. It was indicated the main factors that form the low quality of environmental information. In an extensive study of the environmental situation in the regions of Ukraine for 2006-2013 the analysis of environmental security in the region and forecast data on the current situation in future was conducted. It was justified the necessity of raising the question of improving regional environmental policy in Ukraine and mechanisms of its realization. It was investigated that today the vast majority of regional environmental programs are ineffective, except for regional programs on ecological network formation and development of the reserve management in the country. It was designated the regressive signs of the financial component of the regional environmental policy. It was proved that the poor performance of program activities can be explained not only by the lack of sufficient funds for their implementation, but also by the shortcomings in their elaboration. Factors that reduce the effectiveness of the regional environmental policy in Ukraine were designated. 

regional environmental policy, environmental situation, environmental safety, environmental protection, environmental information 

The necessity of government support for mountain agriculture is substantiated. The results of analysis of the measures conducting of government support for mountain areas are represented. The directions of agricultural industry efficiency improvement are outlined. The mechanism of milk production government support is proposed. 

government support, mountain areas, agricultural output, milk production 

State of current legal base of land relations adjustment is analyzed. The problems of economic adjustment of land-tenure are defined; initiatives and ways of problems overcoming are offered. The conceptual model of functioning of market mechanisms in the field of land-tenure as an aggregate of related instruments of land-tenure economic adjustment mechanism in Ukraine and its regions is presented. The features of property relations forming, legal, financial and economic adjustment of land relations, stimulation of rational land-tenure and maintenance of regional interests related to economic management of land resources are outlined. 

land management, economic mechanism, land relations