Associate Professor of the Department of fundamental disciplines of the Lviv Branch of Dnipro National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazaryan; Associate Professor of the Department of administrative and financial management of the Institute of Administration And Postgraduate Education of the Lviv Polytechnic National University
The issues of agglomeration management are considered. The authors point out the difficulties in balancing the interests of administrative-territorial entities operating within their borders and the forms of agglomeration management used in the world practice. Special attention is paid to the advantages of merging agglomerations into separate administrative-territorial units with the corresponding acquisition of legal personality by agglomerations. The article assesses the implementation of the national decentralization reform in terms of voluntary consolidation of territorial communities located within agglomerations with regional centers and cities with special status as their cores. The authors find that the relevant opportunities for agglomerations to acquire legal personality have been realized to a small extent. In particular, seven cities have remained within their boundaries and haven’t included any of the neighboring communities and their settlements in the consolidation. Most of the other oblast centers have included 1-2 settlements in the process of consolidation. Only three regional centers have created territorial communities covering 50-60% of the agglomeration area; five others have created communities covering 25-40%. The article argues that the reasons for the low rate of utilization of the opportunities provided by the reform for solving the problems of agglomeration management through the acquisition of legal personality in the form of a territorial community are both subjective and objective in nature: low activity of the oblast center authorities in initiating community consolidations in their areas of attraction; unwillingness of the representatives of governing bodies of administrative-territorial units to lose power in the process of consolidation; concerns of the residents of communities adjacent to the oblast centers of losing influence on decision-making on the development of their community, management of land plots, unregulated at the legislative level issues of protection of the interests of the residents of communities that consolidate with the oblast center, their guaranteed representation in the elected bodies of the consolidated territorial community; risks of ignoring the interests of the attached communities by the governing bodies of the communities of the oblast centers; risks of making suboptimal decisions on the ways of territorial development with the restriction of the representation of stakeholders in the decision-making process.
agglomeration, forms of management, legal personality, oblast/regional center, decentralization reform, territorial communities
The current stage of development of society requires new ways of solving the problems arising in conditions of political, economic, or social instability in the country. The challenges faced by domestic companies first during the COVID-2019 pandemic and later during the large-scale russian invasion of Ukraine are no exception. It has become a kind of challenge for the country’s population, as well as for the activity of economic entities, creating unpredictable decisions for most entrepreneurs. Geographically, Ukraine has a very advantageous position. Being in the center of Europe, it can provide extended transport and transit services to the countries of Asia. Therefore, the issues of the development of the transport logistic infrastructure are very relevant nowadays. In fact, it is worth paying attention to the managerial decisions of a number of companies regarding the revision of the functioning and development directions of transport logistics, which were caused by the russian war against Ukraine and the belarusian support of this barbaric act against Ukraine. The article aims to examine the peculiarities of the companies’ transport logistics in conditions of modern challenges. The article analyzes theoretical-methodological approaches that are the basis for the research idea and outlines the main directions of the management of the companies’ transport logistics. The retrospective and current state of transportation in Ukraine is explained. The main problems emerging in the companies’ transport logistics in conditions of war are characterized. The nature and features of support for the development of the companies’ transport logistics and its integration into the logistics system of the EU countries are substantiated. The article offers a number of measures directed at creating a qualitative investment framework for the development of the companies’ transport logistics, which are particularly important in times of war.
investment, war, logistics, companies, transport infrastructure
Cooperation between the territorial communities in Ukraine is nowadays one of the important directions of the local governance reform. The Constitution of Ukraine provides an opportunity to combine the municipal facilities and the funds of budgets for the implementation of joint projects or joint funding (maintenance) of municipal companies, organizations, and institutions, and create the respective managing bodies and services. The opportunity is implemented based on the adoption of the relevant legislation. In 1997, Ukraine ratified the European Charter of Local Self-Governance, which grants a right to local authorities to cooperate with other local authorities while performing its competences to accomplish the tasks that are of the common interest. The paper aims to research the efficiency of the use of the mechanisms of the territorial communities’ cooperation in conditions of the authorities’ decentralization. The paper analyzes the regulations directed at the support of cooperation between the territorial communities in conditions of the authorities’ decentralization. The features of cooperation between the territorial communities are outlined. The statistical information is monitored, and on this basis, the information on the condition of cooperation between the territorial communities in Ukraine in 2015-2019 is grouped and characterized. The conclusions on such cooperation are made. The mechanisms of cooperation between the territorial communities are examined. The advantages and positive effects that the communities can obtain in case of efficient cooperation are determined. The nature of joint projects is defined. The conceptual scheme of a territorial communities’ cooperation project is constructed. The ways to overcome the problems and measures to activate the cooperation between the territorial communities are suggested. The projects of communities’ cooperation as a tool to consolidate resources and accomplish the clearly defined objective are proven to be the ground for optimization of the administrative and territorial structure of the country, overcoming the depressive condition of certain areas, and creation of growth poles.
authorities’ decentralization, territorial communities, local self-governance, cooperation, projects
The issues related to the management of financial resources of territorial communities, financial independence of local governments and forming of efficient financial-investment policy to secure the balanced development of local communities and territories become of utmost importance in conditions of financial decentralization and administrative-territorial reform in Ukraine. The problem issues concerning the forming of financial-investment maintenance of local governance directly impact the capacity of a territorial community that should have financial, material, and other resources in the volumes sufficient to completely accomplish the tasks and function of local governments and provide social services to the population at the level stipulated by national standards. The forming of financial-investment maintenance of local governance is revealed to be directly influencing the capacity of a territorial community that should have financial, material, and other resources in the volumes sufficient to completely accomplish the tasks and function of local governments and provide social services to the population. The expansion of local governments’ competences and granting them greater independence are substantiated to be requiring more responsibility in the financial-investment policy implementation on the local level, forming of conditions to perform the economic activity, and develop businesses by all economic entities, and promoting favorable investment climate in the region. Based on the analysis of approaches to the definition of the nature of “financial maintenance” and “investment maintenance” in the context of the peculiarities of local governments’ activity, the paper suggests understanding the “financial-investment maintenance of local governance” as a set of opportunities and activities on distribution and use of financial resources and territories’ resources for the creation of conditions necessary for the efficient functioning of local governments and realization of their competences.
local governance, reforms, territorial communities, financial-investment maintenance, financial resources
Ukraine has been facing the problem of reforming of administrative and territorial structure (ATS) since it became independent, yet it has gained a special relevance after two consequent economic crises and in the period of after-crisis restoration of national economy accompanied by the search for efficient ways to accelerate reviving processes in the country’s economic system. The following reasons have also impacted the acceleration of ATS reforming in the country lately: boosted integration into single European economic space; fierce political-economic discussion about the impossibility of the country’s federalization; search for the ways to reduce the gap in socio-economic development of Ukrainian regions and their components. European experience of regional development is gaining increasing importance in this context, as it should become the leading driver of current restoration and further growth of Ukrainian economy. The paper aims to develop the ways to improve the efficiency of administrative and territorial structure reform in Ukraine based on assessment of the reform results in the country, identification of problems and implementation of foreign experience in their solution. The paper shows the processes of administrative and territorial structure reform in Ukraine and reveals its achievements and problems. Conducting of administrative and territorial structure reform is assessed. Main achievements of administrative and territorial structure reform in the country are characterized. The dynamics of average number of territorial communities that have united into one consolidated territorial community in 2015-2018 is shown. The importance of conducting the reform in the context of the country’s integration with the European Union is emphasized and experience of EU Member States in terms of administrative and territorial structure reforming is examined with the focus on the post-socialistic type of countries. The ways to improve administrative and territorial structure reform in Ukraine and to solve its problems based on implementation of foreign experience are suggested.
Analysis of scientific approaches to interpretation of investment capacity is conducted. Definition of the term «investment capacity of territorial community» is suggested. Special attention is paid to its specific features – concrete territorial context and dependence on peculiarities of local natural, social, economic and other factors and on the efficiency and adequacy of territorial management bodies’ activity directed at the use of community’s investment capacity. The structure of territorial community’s investment capacity is examined and its major components are outlined: natural conditions and resources, raw materials base, human resources, economic base, financial resources, investment climate and scientific, technological, innovative, institutional, infrastructural and management maintenance. The problems of forming and exploitation of territorial communities’ investment capacity are emphasized. Low management capacity and promotion activity of local governing bodies, absence of efficient incentives for investors and poor quality of local development programs are among them. The scheme of investment capacity management mechanism at the level of territorial community is suggested in order to outline the directions of management influences of local governing bodies on implementation of territorial communities’ investment capacity.
Modern state forming processes can be characterized by the domination of the so called community concept over the concept of paternalism; hence we can talk about the transfer of initiatives on territorial development to the community level. The communities through the means of indirect or direct democracy provide social and economic development of the territory and therefore create preconditions for implementation of sustainable development concept. Granting territorial communities with broad powers in the public-political sphere stipulates activation of their public activity, and therefore forming of civil society institutes and acceleration of territorial development. But solely activity and development of public initiatives and political processes at the level of community is not enough; financial capacity of the community is important and key factor. For this local government bodies have to implement available economic potential of the territory to the fullest extent and to actively promote the development of economic processes. They also have to act as the economic entities through efficient management of community property. Along with this, in terms of conducting of local governance reform economic development of the community can be fostered through the mechanism of cooperation between several territorial communities in order to solve mutual problems of territorial development. Taking this into consideration, the mechanism of economic cooperation as one of the directions of financial capability maintenance in the community evokes great interest. The article aims to analyze mechanisms of economic development maintenance and territorial communities’ cooperation implementation that can be used by local governance. The article outlines the problems of territorial communities’ economic development. The forms of territorial communities’ cooperation and strengthening of their financial capacity level due to the latter are analyzed. The features of cooperation development between the territorial communities are defined. Major risks in the process of communities combining are described.
territorial community, local governance bodies, inter-municipal cooperation, capable community, local budgets
The relevance of fundamental changes of the-after-Soviet Ukrainian administrative and territorial division is outlined. Special attention is paid to the fact that community activity is very low in terms of the measures directed at improvement of management due to a few specific reasons: for a long time the legislative support was absent, so the interest (stimulation) on the lowest level was also absent; corruption took place in all allocation (privatization) processes of community property (land, real estate). Centralized command for fundamental changes for Ukraine is a priority, taking into account the experience of successful processes in European countries, particularly in France. The ways of introducing the French model in Ukrainian scientists’ proceedings are considered. Administrative and territorial division of France is analysed. The design features of local government in territorial entities of different status are outlined. The specific feature, which distinguishes the commune – lowest link in France – from other similar administrative and territorial divisions of different countries is shown – it is a complete autonomy in the authority performing. Commune is a single administrative and territorial division of France, where there are no separate State Authorities, which is similar to town and city councils in Ukraine. In the French commune, as in Ukrainian local government, a network of institutions is created, which enables citizens’ participation in local government. The features of cooperation of large French cities communities (Municipalities Regions) with special status consisting of the city and surrounding settlements and attempts to introduce this experience in Ukrainian cities are emphasized. That, along with the classical French practice of inter-municipal structures, remains very relevant and effective. Prominent examples are «Great Lyon», «Great Bordeaux», «Great Lille» and «Inter-municipal formation of Strasbourg», which are acting on the basis of subsidiary without violating the principle of power deconcentration. Their union has a purely socio-economic implication, because it serves as an attempt to better coordination of economic and production processes within established industrial agglomerations. The similarities of initial conditions in the administrative structure of national practice and the one existing in the reformed system of administrative and territorial division of France, where there is also three-level territorial entities in a unitary country with a lot of separated and minority communities (communes), as well as differences in the especially important functional and qualitative managerial staffing in both countries are defined. The feasibility to implement in practice of administrative and territorial division of Ukraine of the best achievements of the French model of territories management including the practice of implementation on the regional level of the institution to monitor the activities of communes and general management of peripheral government services, and to act as an intermediary between peripheral services and their ministries and individual communities are highlighted. As a result the fact that experience of administrative and territorial division of France, particularly of local government in this country, is extremely indicative for Ukraine not only because of the identity of certain levels of municipalities, but also because of the common strategic objectives put by the governments of both countries before the system of management areas is stressed.
administrative and territorial division, local governance, state executive power, France, experience for Ukraine
Citations
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UDC 332.3:911.37; JEL J18, O20, R12