UDC 332.122:331.01; JEL H73, O18, R58 Benovska, L. Ya. (2018). Terytorial'na hromada yak sub’yekt rehulyuvannya rozvytku terytoriy: teoretychni aspekty [Territorial community as a subject of regulation development of the territories: theoretical aspects]. Rehional'na ekonomika - Regional Economy, 87 (1), 30-39. Retrieved from http://re.gov.ua/doi/re2018.01.030.php. [in Ukrainian]. Sources: 16
Authors
Resume
In the article, the conceptual and terminological apparatus of territorial communities was investigated with the allocation of territorial, sociological, public and legal and systemic approaches. It is revealed that implementation of the reform of administrative-territorial system and decentralization reform require a qualitatively new view on territorial communities with taking into account economic, financial and material factors. After all, with the introduction of amendments to the Budget and Tax Code, on the one hand, the conditions for increasing the financial capacity of the territorial communities were created, and on the other hand, their responsibility for the development of their territories increased. The territorial community is proposed to be considered as an integral entity, which is characterized by the unity of social community, the subject of local self-government and the basic level of the administrative and territorial system of the country. Territorial community as a social community creates and supports social life within a certain territory, guided by the economic, political, social and cultural, and environmental interests; as a subject of local self-government it can operate in conditions of interaction with the environment and be responsible for maintaining integer landmarks; as a basic link of the administrative and territorial system it is characterized by a system, has a certain resource potential, which provides it with competitive advantages and creates opportunities for the development of the territory. The classification of territorial communities was carried out by the following classification characteristics: type of settlement, fullness of coverage, character of formation, geographical location, level of social and economic development. The territorial community is proven to act as the subject of regulation of the development of its own territory, and the object of regulation (as an administrative and territorial unit of the base level) in the system of management of higher level authorities (regional, state). The regulation of the development of territorial communities is proposed to be considered as ensuring of favorable conditions on the part of state, regional and local authorities for providing social and economic development of territorial communities by using various instruments and methods of influence (economic, organizational, financial, legal). The functions of territorial community, as the subject of regulation of social and economic development, are investigated. Legal, organizational, economic, financial methods of regulation of the development of territorial communities are allocated. Two directions of state regulation of the development of territorial communities are outlined: leveling of disproportions of social and economic development and promotion of the development of territories. The first direction involves the mechanisms of indirect action and is implemented through interbudgetary relations with the use of financial equalization instruments; the second direction involves the mechanisms of direct action through investment support of the development of territorial communities.
Keywords:
territorial community, development, regulation of development, local self-government
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The existing network of comprehensive educational institutions in Ukraine is geographically branched and is characterized by low efficiency; educational services are characterized by low quality, which requires taking measures for its consolidating. The purpose of this article is to find out the main problems of functioning of education network and to build a mechanism for its consolidation. The main factors of low efficiency of education network in Ukraine are: the demographic and financial crises in society, the imperfect legislative provision, the limited possibilities of the influence of the governing bodies on the formation of the educational network, outdated standard norms, which are aimed at quantitative indicators and do not take into account the volumes and quality of educational services provided and others. The solution of the problems mentioned above requires the search for new approaches to the interaction of comprehensive educational institutions on the basis of the deployment of cooperation processes, integration, interaction, partnership, in order to effectively use material and technical, personnel, financial and managerial resources for ensuring equal access to qualitative education. The main goal of consolidation of the educational network is the improvement of quality of educational services and the efficiency of the use of public funds. While conducting organizational transformations, it is important to take into account the interests of the three parties – the students (the quality of education, transportation of students to educational institution), teachers (employment, compensatory payments in case of dismissal, transportation to educational institution), local self-government bodies and state authorities (effective use of funds of state and local budgets). The main principles, which should be followed while consolidating education network are: granting the priority to the quality of educational services; effective use of funds from the state and local budgets; financing of educational services based on the principle of "money walks for a pupil"; the transition to a public-state model of education management; professional orientation of high school; informational transparency. A new approach to the solution of problem of school incompleteness is the creation of hub schools. At the same time, the process of their formation is new for society and is not fully coordinated, sufficiently organized, financially and legally secured. The solution of the problems considered above requires an implementation of measures in the part of: revision of standard norms of the functioning of educational institutions in accordance with the requirements of time; determination of principles, selection procedure, territorial location and peculiarities of financing of hub institutions; improvement of the mechanism of financing educational institutions through educational subvention.
Current condition and major problems of administrative and administrative-territorial reforms implementation in Ukraine are outlined. Actions of executive and legislative authorities in Ukraine in terms of conducting the abovementioned reforms are analyzed. On this basis the following facts were proven: the entire previous process of reforms conducting was reduced to solution of decentralization issues and voluntary automatic creation of combined communities; not the main reforms are implemented (administrative and administrative-territorial), but rather а spotted sectoral reform; decentralization by itself conducted according to nowadays patterns does not solve anything fundamentally. The drastic change of approach to elaboration of reform strategy and to selection of targets achievement ways is suggested. As a rule without exceptions, this should be our own domestic product with consideration of historic and political heritage as well as economic and demographic condition. This is why the level of local municipal management in each European country fundamentally differs by its institutional structure, volumes, scope of liabilities and number of management levels. Major recommendations on implementation of administrative and administrative-territorial reforms are suggested. The author proves the fact that these reforms’ final goal should be the creation of modern state management and regulation system, with local self-governing being one of its subsystems as the bottom and especially democratic subtype of state management.
administrative reform, administrative-territorial reform, decentralization, local self-governing, territorial communities
Analysis of scientific approaches to interpretation of investment capacity is conducted. Definition of the term «investment capacity of territorial community» is suggested. Special attention is paid to its specific features – concrete territorial context and dependence on peculiarities of local natural, social, economic and other factors and on the efficiency and adequacy of territorial management bodies’ activity directed at the use of community’s investment capacity. The structure of territorial community’s investment capacity is examined and its major components are outlined: natural conditions and resources, raw materials base, human resources, economic base, financial resources, investment climate and scientific, technological, innovative, institutional, infrastructural and management maintenance. The problems of forming and exploitation of territorial communities’ investment capacity are emphasized. Low management capacity and promotion activity of local governing bodies, absence of efficient incentives for investors and poor quality of local development programs are among them. The scheme of investment capacity management mechanism at the level of territorial community is suggested in order to outline the directions of management influences of local governing bodies on implementation of territorial communities’ investment capacity.
The article deals with the theoretical basis of internally displaced persons’ adaptation processes in the host society. The definitions such as «adaptation», «social adaptation», «adaptation mechanisms» are studied and supplemented. The views of scientists and psychologists to study the process of adaptation of internally displaced persons in the new environment are outlined. The number of internally displaced persons, their location and concentration in different regions of Ukraine is analyzed. Adaptive mechanisms are examined and adaptive model of internally displaced persons in the host society is suggested. The process of adaptation of internally displaced persons in various regions of Ukraine is described. Specifics, socio-cultural traditions and peculiarities of the host region are outlined. The projects that organize and ensure the adaptation and development of internally displaced persons in the region are analyzed.
adaptation, social adaptation, adaptive mechanisms, internally displaced persons, host society, adaptation model
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