UDC 330.341.4:351.824.1:330.35:005; JEL L50 Kuybida, S. V. (2018). Kontseptual'ni zasady strukturnoyi polityky derzhavy v umovakh hlobalizatsiyi [Conceptual bases of the structural policy of the state in globalization conditions]. Rehional'na ekonomika - Regional Economy, 87 (1), 120-125. Retrieved from http://re.gov.ua/doi/re2018.01.120.php. [in Ukrainian]. Sources: 11
Authors
Resume
Based on the analysis of the achievements of Ukrainian and foreign scientists, the interpretation of the structural policy of the state has been improved. The necessity of its formation and realization in Ukraine on the principles specified by us for ensuring accelerated economic growth, elimination of disproportions of development of regions and increase of Ukraine’s competitiveness on world markets is substantiated. Taking into account the competitive advantages and weaknesses of the Ukrainian economy, the purpose and main tasks of the structural policy of Ukraine in the conditions of globalization processes and increase in the highly developed countries of production of the sixth technological structure called the fourth industrial revolution have been specified. The method of implementation of structural policy in Ukraine under the specified conditions is selected and grouped. The structural policy is implemented through the mechanism of structural regulation of the economy, under which we suggest to understand a set of methods and tools, by means of which certain managerial decisions are implemented in the process of formation and implementation of the structural policy of the state. The methods and tools of this mechanism will simultaneously be methods and instruments of the structural policy. Proceeding from the proposed definition of the mechanism of state structural regulation of the economy, we offer to attribute to its main components the methods that should be grouped on the basis of content filling of the methods: institutional, legal, economic and social. Taking into account the global tendency to combine the material world with the virtual, as well as the considerable lag of the Ukrainian economy from the high-tech manufactures of the developed countries, the necessity of the formation and implementation of structural policy for ensuring accelerated economic growth, elimination of disproportions of regional development and enhancement of Ukraine’s competitiveness on world markets is substantiated. The principles of the formation of such a policy are highlighted and characterized, among which the following are compulsory: the rule of law, transparency, openness, participation, responsibility, efficiency, comprehensiveness, adequacy, compatibility, priority of the development of the IT industry and the scientific and technical sphere, ensuring life safety, alternatives and others.
Keywords:
structural policy, globalization, digital technologies, principles, methods
References
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Development of a system should be based on the relevant fundamental principles that are the basis of its elements’ interrelation. In the waste management system the principles form the basis for the main reference points in the process of legal environment formation by the system’s greater control section. These principles also determine the requirements for building an effective institutional structure and the outlined policy implementation at all levels of management hierarchy. In addition, the basic principles should underlie the internal believes of each person and form his/her daily behavior, that is they should be understandable and acceptable by every member of the society. In this context, a technical version of the project on the National Strategy for Waste Management offered by the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources makes up a certain scientific interest for us. The review of the formulated guiding principles gives reasons to refine and detail them and expand their list considering the critical importance of the National Strategy for Regional Development and having in view the environmental problems layer that already exist in Ukraine. The article aims to form the principles of waste management system, based on the project proposals and author’s supplements with the appropriate interpretation for intended use. The author emphasizes that comprehensive fundamental and applied research in theoretical and empirical levels should be based on both legislative and executive functions in the waste management and treatment. Therefore, it is unacceptable to neglect the role of science in the system of waste management development. Promoting the ecologically safe technologies of production, implementation of the effective waste management schemes, creating a legal framework for administrative action and providing service for all the participants in social and economic relations –these are the main actions on the principle of ecologization. It is claimed that state institutions play a significant role in forming social responsibility of a manufacturer along with its own environmental awareness. The high cost of environmental effects requires the implementation of the intended measures to prevent them, which requires taking into account the principle of their cause and effect assessment. Strategically important vector of the waste management development is its focus on alternatives for their use based on the implementation of innovative achievements of the scientific and technological progress, harmonization of material and provision parameters – information and financial flows, taking into account the value of each elementary operation (transportation, storage of waste, recycling etc.) and others.
The article highlights strategic guidelines for the development of the Carpathian region and evaluates them in terms of alignment with the goals of the State Strategy for Regional Development, identifies the need for greater prioritization of the strategic guidelines for the development of regions, while simultaneously identifying so-called «growth points» that will ensure the region’s economic growth and use of its own potential. Taking into account European approaches to the formation and implementation of a state policy of regional development aimed at smart, inclusive and sustainable growth is of particular importance in this process. The fact that one of the most effective directions for the formation and realization of a new regional policy on the basis of the unity of Ukrainian territory is the focus on the development of macro-regions, which include the Carpathian region, is proved. European practice shows the shifting of emphasis from exclusive stimulating and development of specific regions and smoothing out the disproportions of regional development to the focus on identifying common features of regions in socio-economic development. On the basis of the research, the peculiarities of coordination of regional development projects’ planning, financing and implementation measures based on the use of an integrated approach for regional development of regions or a region were determined. The necessity of the following measure was emphasized: raising the level of strategic planning culture aimed at realism of the plan of measures for the implementation of the regional development strategy with a clear definition of organizational, financial and control parameters; maintenance of adequate information support for both the implementation of regional policy on the basis of increasing transparency in decision-making and its implementation, and the level of awareness of all stakeholders, and the possibilities of public monitoring of the regional policy implementation on the local level.
regional policy, development strategy, strategic orientations, macro region, Carpathian region
Negative tendencies in the social, economical, cultural, demographical and ecological processes make differences between level of life and economic development of rural and urban areas even stronger. It is obvious that under such conditions, development of the areas by using methods and models of the last century is already impossible. Therefore, the approaches implemented by world leaders should be taken into account, because in many countries, cities and corporations the task of the first order is the formation and implementation of innovative strategies for sustainable development as a basic security model in the future. At the initiative of technology corporations the concept of «smart city» has become very popular, first of all because this concept in the current interpretation has combined capabilities of information, modern technology and communication of social capital in the process of achievement of sustainable development goals. Ukraine is also involved in the global trends as in the Strategy for Sustainable Development «Ukraine – 2020» it is stressed that it is necessary to ensure sustainable development of the country, raising living standards, sustainable economic growth in an environmentally sustainable manner. In 2016, a web service «Smart City» was developed; it implements the concept of «Smart City» in terms of IT and provides tools for the process optimization government and combat corruption. An experience of the developed countries shows that implementation of the ideas of «Smart City» helps to improve technology of the energy efficiency, reduce environmental pollution, increase social inclusion and also can give ability for businesses to provide a good return of their investments, and for public to have an attractive and healthy environment for life. Obviously, ability to process information, a modern infrastructure and creative management may be associated with small towns. The basic elements of settlements’ development under the principles of «Smart City» can be the following: creating of the innovation center for searching and selection of the most effective technologies in order to ensure the functioning of the settlement; providing of an open access to the projects of «Smart Cities» in order to attract all residents; creating of a culture of the population behavior according to the new requirements; investing into the staff training and attracting of the qualified professionals from other regions; improving of the quality of life of specific people (the technology of «smart home», security systems) and socially relevant initiatives («smart» technologies in energy, housing); ensuring of the availability of self-government technology for all segments of society. Therefore, for rural settlements of Ukraine a sustainable development approaches, the investments particularly into the social and human capital, a modern information and communication infrastructure, the production technology will provide economic development, an improvement of the quality of life and environmental management.
sustainable development, rural settlements, concept of «Smart City»
Despite the tendentious decline in the share of industry in total output, the national economy as a whole has a high level of industrialization, compared to the member states of the European Union. Given the globalization of world economic processes and, as a consequence, increased competition in commodity markets, the industrial sector of the national economy needs relevant assessments, the results of which will provide an analytical basis for the formation of trends in state industrial policy, in particular at the regional level. The purpose of the article is to conduct a structural and dynamic assessment of the industrial sector of Ukrainian regions economy. The key indicators that characterize the structure of the industrial sector of the economy and the effectiveness of its functioning are: the share of industry in the release of all types of economic activity, the share of industry in gross value added (GVA) of all types of economic activity, the share of the GVA industry in its output. The results of the calculation of these indicators have shown that during 2013-2015 the structure of the national economy’s industrial sector (by output) and the structure of the industry have undergone some changes in the direction of increasing their share of the processing industry while reducing the share of other types of industrial activity. The most significant of these changes were in the Vinnytsia region. The results of the integrated assessment of the dynamics of structural indicators of the industrial regions of Ukraine revealed in general the most effective functioning of the industrial sector of Poltava region economy, which is explained by the largest (among the regions) share of extractive industry in it and the development of quarries (in particular, gas extraction). The latter is characterized by the highest share of airborne emissions in production (>50 per cent) among industrial activities. A similar situation was observed in the Kirovohrad and Luhansk regions. Instead, Zaporizhzhya region having occupied the 1-st place among the regions of Ukraine by the level of industrialization in the economy in 2015, was an outsider by the indicator of the industry efficiency. This situation is due to a large share of the processing industry (79.57 per cent) in the structure of the industrial sector of the economy of this region. In general, the smallest part of the industrial activity in the production of processing industry is due to their specificity, which is usually in the presence of significant raw material and energy costs in the cost of products of the processing industry. The lowest share of vehicles in the production is peculiar to the production of chemicals and chemical products (10.92 per cent), while the highest is taken by textiles, clothing, leather and other materials (50.82 per cent). However, the share of highly efficient types of processing industries in the structure of the industrial sector of the economy of the Ukrainian regions is relatively small (<15 per cent). The results of the conducted research confirmed the need for further restructuring of the industrial sector of the economy of the Ukrainian regions. Gradual optimization of the structure of domestic industry should take place simultaneously in four directions, that is, to cover all types of industrial activities and their subspecies. A key criterion for such an optimization is the increase in socioeconomic efficiency, which means improvement of the airborne security and its structure, in particular, increasing the share of gross operating profit, mixed income. As the implementation of state industrial policy takes place at the regional level, each oblast needs to form the specialized (in accordance with the needs and opportunities of its economy) strategic directions of industrial restructuring and to develop current programs for their practical implementation.
efficiency, gross value added, industry, output, structure, types of industrial activity
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