With the implementation of the reform of administrative and financial decentralization in Ukraine, the changes have occurred in managing the development of territorial communities in the direction of providing their self-development. Each territorial community has some resource potential, but the success of the development of community depends not only on the availability of resources, but on the ability to turn them into development assets. Therefore, when talking about the management of the assets of territorial communities, it is advisable to focus on two aspects: the own resource potential of the territorial community and the effective management aimed at transforming this resource into a community asset. The purpose of the article is to compare conceptual approaches to management with a focus on asset-oriented management of territorial community. Methods. The following methods were used for the study of asset-oriented management of the territorial community: historical, abstract and logical, systematic and comparative analysis. Results. The article analyzes the conceptual approaches to management: problem-oriented management, resource-oriented management, value-oriented management, asset-oriented management. Comparisons are made and the opportunities and expediency of their application for management of territorial community are analyzed. The necessity of using asset-oriented management of territorial community in the conditions of administrative and financial decentralization is substantiated. The features of asset-oriented management of the territorial community are characterized. It is stated that the goal of asset-oriented management is to increase the capacity of territorial communities by mobilizing their own resources and transforming them into community development assets. The assets of the territorial community were identified with grouping them into tangible and intangible assets. The technology of management of assets of territorial communities with separation of stages of management, purpose, subjects and objects of management, interconnections is developed.
The purpose of the article is to investigate and substantiate the formation of objective need, development principles, and regulation features of digital transformation of Ukrainian regions. The general scientific methods, including generalization and the systematic approach, are used to determine the theoretical foundations and trends of the digital transformation of Ukrainian regions and to summarize the basic principles of the digital transformation. The benefits of digitalization for society and the economy as a whole are proven. The constant consolidation of power and business to implement and improve the quality of digitalization is today an important task, the solution of which will ensure a new level of competitiveness of the economy. The basic principles of digitalization at the global and national levels are explored. The regional level of development of digitalization shows that the Lviv region remains the leader among all. There is a Digital Transformation Program for 2016-2020 in Lviv aimed at achieving world standards of administrative and communal services, openness and accessibility of city authorities, efficiency of managing the city economy, using information technologies in all spheres of city life. In Ukraine, which ranks first in freelancing among European countries, there is an interesting distribution of digital platform workers in regions, most of which are centered in the Central Region. Even without Kyiv, the Central Region leads the share of freelancers together with the Southern Region (20% and 22% respectively). Digital platform workers in the Western region are slightly less represented (14%), and the least - in the East (11%), which is affected by the military conflict. Prospective research is to substantiate further directions and ways of developing the digital economy transformation at the regional level.
digitalization, digital economy, principles, state regulation, digital transformation of regions
The paper examines the peculiarities of the spread of the shadow economy in the sphere of wholesale and retail trade in the regions of Ukraine. The nature and features of the trade sphere shadowing in different regions of Ukraine are revealed. The trade enterprises in large cities and near-border regions are established to be the most subject to the shadow processes. These regions play a main role in the development of wholesale and retail trade in Ukraine. At the same time, trade is more important in the structure of their economy compared to other regions. The main tendencies of the change of shadow economy volumes in the trade sphere of Ukraine and its regions are outlined. In 2017 compared to 2013, the volumes of shadow operations in the sector of wholesale and retail trade reduced in the prevailing number of Ukraine’s regions. However, it was accompanied by an increase in the number of individual entrepreneurs in trading activities. This was the cause for a conclusion about the transition of the part of the shadow market in wholesale and retail trade in the regions of Ukraine into the sector of individual entrepreneurs. This manner of tax evasion has become especially widespread in Ukraine during recent years. As a result, the volume of shadow operations in the wholesale and retail trade in Ukraine has reached about 50%, ranging from 35-40% to 60% and more in different regions. Proposals aimed at the de-shadowing of the trade sector of Ukraine are formulated. Their implementation will allow to reduce the volume of shadow operations in the wholesale and retail trade of most regions of Ukraine and to increase the efficiency of using the socio-economic potential of their development. These proposals are intended to introduce institutional changes aimed at limiting the ability of retailers to use individual entrepreneurs for tax evasion. In addition, strengthening the influence of local self-government bodies on control of the economic entities’ activity in the sphere of wholesale and retail trade in the regions is suggested.
Lowering the level of spatial socio-economic disparities of territorial development and ensuring the high living standards for population and business environment development are the main key tasks in terms of reforming the administrative and territorial regulation and financial decentralization in Ukraine. This raises the issue of the center and periphery interactions among the dominant ones in the conditions of the socio-economic space development of the country and requires delineation of the influence zones of the centers and activating features of adaptive and stimulating roles, which they perform as "growth poles" and innovative shifts generators in territorial development. The methodological apparatus of the research consists of the general scientific methods for the development of theoretical and methodological foundations of the central and peripheral interactions in the region and the system approach for identification of social benefits of conceptual priorities in the center and periphery interactions in conditions of administrative and financial decentralization. The scientific approaches to the definition of categories "center-periphery" are investigated. The need to outline the dual nature of center-periphery interactions as a phenomenon is emphasized. The comparative characteristics of the center, the semi-periphery, and the periphery are presented. The essence of the center-peripheral interactions in the region is defined as a process of direct or indirect mutual influence of the center and the periphery in the conditions of spatial inequality and socio-economic differentiation of regional development. The classification of the center-periphery interactions in the territorial dimension is proposed. Further research suggests focusing on the substantiation of theoretical and methodological foundations of center and periphery interactions and levels of such interaction in the region in terms of administrative and financial decentralization.
center-peripheral interactions, region, center, periphery, socio-economic differentiation of regional development
The production of milk and dairy products is a significant segment of the domestic food industry with a share of 14% in its structure. During 2014-2019, the volume of dairy production in Ukraine decreased by 15.68%, which caused the loss of 5 positions in the world ranking by this indicator. The purpose of the article is to determine the development potential of dairy production in Ukraine in the regional context based on the raw material supply. According to the results of the research, higher efficiency of agricultural enterprises (the share of which in the structure of raw milk production in Ukraine was less than 30%) as compared to households was found. Comparative estimates show that the regional structure of dairy products is more geographically concentrated than the structure of raw milk production. According to the results of grouping of regions of Ukraine by the volume of production of raw milk and its industrial processing products, only four regions had high complex potential in this segment in 2019, two – milk processing potential, six – raw milk potential, while the potential of the remaining 12 regions was insignificant. The transformation of commodity and geographic structures of export-import operations with dairy products in Ukraine was investigated. The main problems of the dairy processing segment of the domestic food industry were identified, namely: insufficient potential and poor quality of the raw material base for industrial dairy processing; interaction imbalance between suppliers of raw milk and industrial producers; the presence of a shadow segment and a high degree of falsification in the domestic dairy market; etc. A number of mechanisms were proposed to further enhance the dairy sector development in Ukraine. The basic directions of state support for agricultural enterprises producing raw milk and industrial enterprises producing dairy products were outlined.
The development of the tourism and recreation cluster should be realized in those areas of Ukraine where there is a qualitative core for their development, which we consider as a collection of valuable tourist resources. Namely the natural ones like water, balneal, forest, climate, man-made objects (historical, cultural, and infrastructural resources). The aim of the article is to define and rank the caapcity for development of tourism and recreation clusters in the regions of Ukraine. The theoretical foundation is formed by the philosophical, general scientific and specifically scientific principles and provisions of modern theory of systems, theoretical platforms of management of tourism and recreation clusters development in regions. The results of the study proved that the identification and classification of the development capacity of tourism and recreation clusters in the regions of Ukraine should not simply be focused on the identification of the status of the core of the tourism and recreation cluster, but it is the dependency and coherence of the assessment components. Naturally, correlation can have positive and negative effects. A negative correlation determines the influence that limits the possibilities of creating a tourist product in water; balneal; forest; climatic resources (with a negative correlation rate). A positive correlation is a correlation where there are additional possibilities to create a tourist product (and the correlation rate is positive). According to the above-mentioned method, the combined result makes it possible to determine the nature and direction of development of the tourism and recreation cluster, which should include: development of artificial water zones and water bodies for all age categories of visitors; development of the forest of Ukraine, based on its protection; identification of areas to be recognized as objects of the nature reserve fund, measures to be taken, and incentives to increase the number of places in hotels and similar accommodation facilities.
development potential, tourism and recreation cluster, assessment of unique tourism resources, regions of Ukraine
The article reveals the content of the migration activity of the population. Migration activity in the system of migratory terms was proposed to be considered as the ability of the entity (an individual, a household, population of a particular territory) to change the place of residence, which is accompanied by initiative activity (work, study) and changes in human potential according to needs, goals, and views. The key problems of the migration activity of the Carpathian region were identified. They were distributed according to relevance for the population (social insecurity of migrants, distant families, the rapid growth of migration activity of young people in the higher education segment), business (lack of skilled labor, difficulties in hiring young specialists (high expectations for pay, etc.)), societies (additional pressure on the social infrastructure of people arriving in the region, lack of demand for social services (including education), unregulated and asymmetric cross-border space) and power (loss of human potential, dual citizenship, especially the border population, international corridors of illegal migrants, geopolitical speculation with risks for Ukraine's territorial integrity) across the directions of Poland, Hungary, Romania, and Slovakia were identified. The priorities of migration regulation in the Carpathian region were offered – providing of complex and constant monitoring of the level of migration activity (potential, real), implementation of special state programs of the first workplace, implementation of special regional programs of stimulation of educational re-emigration, stimulation of improvement of services quality, especially business development and self-employment in border settlements as alternatives to «shuttle» migration, counteracting issuing passports of citizens of other countries to residents of border settlements, compulsory Ukrainian language use in educational institutions.
population migration activity, regulation of migration, asymmetry of transboundary migration space, migration system, migration intellectualization, Carpathian region of Ukraine
The article deals with the financial characteristics of the use of land resources. It researches the formation of the mechanism of financial and economic regulation of nature management and economic development of nature-resource potential according to the latest approach, which involves the transition from the consideration of nature use as a “sphere of interests of natural resources” to the wide integration of the industry into the area of market processes. It allows the active use of the potential of systemic effects and the whole range of regulatory instruments to achieve the complex effect of the reproduction of territories in terms of the use of financial and economic methods of nature management. For the analysis, the entire range of financial characteristics (rental indicators) is divided into direct rental indicators and secondary characteristics that enable us to determine the relationship between the rent and the current development indicators. Direct rent indicators can include real rent (both payments for special use of natural resources) and potential one (at the rate of discount). The system of secondary characteristics generates an indicator of financial balance. Research has shown that rent payments as an instrument of regulation play an important role in the system of nature management. However, rental fees are still not an effective economic mechanism that can form a real impact on the functioning of the complex. The significant potential (the vast majority of regions is characterized by the possibility of increasing rent payments) determines the need for a transformation of the general principles of the rent policy realization in the field of land resources, which would be guided by the best European practices. It is necessary to increase the correlation between the rent flows and financial indicators of the industry. It is advisable to develop a methodology and approaches to take into account the relationship between these characteristics.
rent regulation, valuation instruments, real and potential rent, rent profiles
Existing methodological approaches to assessing the level of economic security of Ukrainian banks are revealed and the need to improve them is substantiated. The author proposes the method of determining the level of economic security of banks at the micro level. Estimated values of economic security indicators and their assessment in points made it possible to group institutions by the level of economic security and to determine the positioning of banks depending on ownership. Institutions with a high level of economic security include banks, which, according to 8 indicators, have accumulated a total number of 61 to 80 points. A satisfactory level of economic security is characteristic of banks, whose quantitative assessment for a certain amount of indicators ranges from 41 to 60 points. Low levels of economic security are inherent in institutions with an overall score of 21-40. Institutions with a critical level of security include banks with a total score of up to 20 points, whose activities are accompanied by violations of indicator values and destabilizing effects on the banking system. The validation of this methodology was carried out in all solvent banks of Ukraine, which operated in 2015 and 2019. Based on the grouping of institutions by the level of economic security, the threats and dangers that accompanied the activities of banks were identified. The main threats to the economic security of state-owned banks were: the highest share of problem loans in the aggregate loan portfolio, risk of operating activities, reduction of their lending activity. Institutions of foreign banking groups were largely characterized by high, satisfactory, and low levels of economic security. This methodological toolkit is suggested to be used to strengthen the market position and increase the security of the functioning of Ukrainian banks.
The issues related to the management of financial resources of territorial communities, financial independence of local governments and forming of efficient financial-investment policy to secure the balanced development of local communities and territories become of utmost importance in conditions of financial decentralization and administrative-territorial reform in Ukraine. The problem issues concerning the forming of financial-investment maintenance of local governance directly impact the capacity of a territorial community that should have financial, material, and other resources in the volumes sufficient to completely accomplish the tasks and function of local governments and provide social services to the population at the level stipulated by national standards. The forming of financial-investment maintenance of local governance is revealed to be directly influencing the capacity of a territorial community that should have financial, material, and other resources in the volumes sufficient to completely accomplish the tasks and function of local governments and provide social services to the population. The expansion of local governments’ competences and granting them greater independence are substantiated to be requiring more responsibility in the financial-investment policy implementation on the local level, forming of conditions to perform the economic activity, and develop businesses by all economic entities, and promoting favorable investment climate in the region. Based on the analysis of approaches to the definition of the nature of “financial maintenance” and “investment maintenance” in the context of the peculiarities of local governments’ activity, the paper suggests understanding the “financial-investment maintenance of local governance” as a set of opportunities and activities on distribution and use of financial resources and territories’ resources for the creation of conditions necessary for the efficient functioning of local governments and realization of their competences.
local governance, reforms, territorial communities, financial-investment maintenance, financial resources
The authors substantiate the relevance of the formation and implementation of state policy in strengthening the financial security of Ukraine by combating tax evasion using offshore zones. The novelty of the research results is the coordination of strategic tasks and strategic priorities of the state policy within the strategic sequences. The practical significance of the results makes them applicable for central authorities to develop a strategy and tactics to strengthen the state's financial security and combat tax evasion using offshore zones. The study uses a scientific method of analysis and synthesis to justify the strategic tasks and strategic priorities of the state policy of strengthening the financial security of Ukraine by combating tax evasion using offshore zones. The purpose of the state policy is defined as strengthening the financial security of Ukraine by combating tax evasion using offshore jurisdictions. The achievement of this goal is connected with the strengthening of a budgetary, monetary-credit, debt security. The authors suggest the following strategic objectives of the state policy: a critical reduction in the unpaid tax payments through the use of offshore jurisdictions and the increase of tax revenues to the budget; preservation of capital in the country and its productive use, in particular as an investment resource; systemic economic de-shadowing; eliminating the manifestations of deviant behaviour by economic agents; formation of the “equal” competitive environment for stimulating the development of SMEs, legal management, innovation, and technological entrepreneurship. The following strategic priorities of state economic regulation should be achieved: improvement of the organizational-managerial system of combating offshore market; establishment of an effective system for monitoring and control of abuses using offshore jurisdictions; building up a full-fledged institutional infrastructure of de-offshoring and de-shadowing of the economy.
state financial security, strategic priorities, offshore jurisdictions, tax evasion
Globalization of economic processes stipulates the qualitative changes in the structure of national economic systems, including in such an important component as the domestic consumer market, causing the updating and creating new rules of its functioning. Shifting focus towards the growing role of innovative-informational factors of domestic market development corresponds to the needs of the market economy and modern challenges faced by our country. Therefore, the need to not only analyze the substantive and transformational aspects of domestic consumer market development but to research the issues related to its structural and institutional maintenance grows in relevance. The paper aims to analyze foreign scientific research related to highlighting economic patterns of domestic consumer market functioning and to develop on this basis the structural-institutional model of the domestic consumer market. The paper outlines the nature of the discourse related to “institutes” and “institutions”. The structural-institutional concept of domestic consumer market functioning is determined. The structural-institutional model of domestic consumer market is developed and its exogenous and endogenous environment is defined. The fact that such a model can be implemented through the use of such institutional elements as the market functioning mechanism used as leverage of impact on economic agents (market participants) is emphasized. The composition of forming and development of structural-institutional links between the domestic consumer market entities is suggested. The structural-institutional dimension of domestic consumer market functioning is found to show the importance of the use of the complex approach to its development by the specification of accents on relationships between all institutional components that can secure normal market activity in the domestic environment.
The relevance of the technological competitiveness of the national economy at the present stage of Ukraine's socio-economic development is grounded. The purpose of the article is to justify strategic priorities for the technological competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy. The study uses a scientific method of analysis and synthesis to justify the strategic tasks and strategic priorities of the state policy of technological competitiveness strengthening. The principles of state policy to ensure the technological competitiveness of Ukraine's economy are defined. The purpose of the state policy of ensuring technological competitiveness of the national economy is defined as strengthening of external and internal technological competitiveness through the development of internal competition and strengthening of production competitiveness on the basis of advanced technological innovations and information technologies, systemic support of elements of innovation infrastructure, formation, and realization of intellectual and human resources potential of technological economic development. The paper shows that modern policy of ensuring technological competitiveness of Ukraine's economy is formed in conditions of the modern challenges of global competition, namely the influence of global crises and financial and economic instability; increase of external expansion through globalization processes, development of information economy; pressure of the country's debt obligations; the growth of import dependence; high external labor migration activity; disruption of economic development through military conflict and hybrid attacks; critical disparities of regional development. The strategic priorities of state policy for the technological competitiveness of Ukraine's economy are defined: intensification of technological development of economy, growth of the general level of innovation activity, formation of the competitive intellectual property market, development of infrastructure for support of technological innovations, improvement of the resource provision of innovation activity.
The development of a modern restaurant business depends to a large extent on the adaptation of the enterprises to the new conditions of management in market conditions. This process involves increasing the competitiveness of restaurants and ensuring the creation of competitive advantages in times of market volatility. Enterprise competitiveness management is a set of measures aimed at systemic improvement of the production process, constant search for new sales channels, new customer groups, service improvement, advertising. It should be considered as an integral part of the enterprise management system. The article analyzes the role of strategic behavior of restaurant business executives in increasing competitive advantages and increasing the level of profitability of the company. Criteria related to the development of the vision and mission of the enterprise are considered. A typical strategy for increasing the competitiveness of restaurant business enterprises using the “tree of purpose” method has been developed. This strategy includes four key strategic areas: manufacturing, marketing, staffing, and technology. Within each direction, tactical goals for increasing competitiveness have been formed. The direction of production involves the realization of the following goals: updating of the main menu, development of seasonal dishes and drinks, replacement of imported raw materials with local ones, provision of catering services, development of non-waste production. The marketing goals include the following: development of the official site, promotion in social networks, creation of a closed club, holding thematic parties, development of gift certificates, development of QR codes in the menu. The staff aims to achieve the following goals: development of an effective motivation system, organization of training for workers and workshops from partners. For the technologies, the tactical goals are the following: the introduction of coffee-printing technology, the mobile waiter, and the use of creative IT technologies.
Development of tourism and hotel economy in Ukraine and efficient activity of enterprises in the domain substantially depend on the investment capacity of the whole country that is formed by various financial sources, including the attracted investment. Investment resources are one of the main components of resources maintenance of these economic sectors, yet it is worth mentioning that the investors in any crisis face the risks of investing in the business. Therefore, investment activity risks in tourism and hotel-restaurant business are very relevant today. The paper aims to research the investment activity in tourism and the hotel-restaurant business and to determine the main dangers and risks. The paper researches the investment activity in tourism and hotel-restaurant business. The existing range of intersectoral links in tourism and hotel-restaurant business is characterized. The advantages of investment activity in the domain both for the country’s economy and for the investor are outlined. The process of investment activity planning to provide the enterprise with the necessary investment resources to improve the efficiency of its investment activity in the future is explained. The complex analysis of investment risks is conducted. The investment activity risks in tourism and hotel-restaurant business are classified. The impact of investment risks on the development of tourism and hotel-restaurant business is determined. The paper emphasizes that high risks of investing that can lead to failing to receive the planned income or loss of invested funds are among the essential risks that restrain the growth of external funding sources of the investment activity.
The set of scientific-methodological tools to secure the mechanism of economic safety management of tourism entrepreneurship is examined as an aggregate of methods, tools, and conceptual activities directed at maintaining the high level of economic safety of tourism entrepreneurship. The features of managing the tourism enterprise and economic safety are analyzed. The basic valuation principles of the reliability and efficiency of the economic safety of the tourism enterprise are determined. The basic tasks of ensuring the economic safety of a small enterprise are outlined. The need to use the integrated approach that secures more opportunities to avoid threats and limits the danger of their emergence is emphasized. The most important principles for securing the economic safety of the tourism enterprise on the microeconomic level are described. Possible practical methods of risk management for the implementation of adopted decisions are proposed. The paper proves the fact that the complex nature of the management of the economic safety of the tourism enterprise and securing the sufficiently efficient management system of detecting and eliminating the threats are provided by the establishment of the management of the economic safety system of the tourism enterprise and its functional components. Research of the methodical approaches to the management of the tourism enterprises’ economic safety allows building and describing the functional structure of the mechanism of management of the tourist enterprise’s economic safety (it is formalized and described by 5 functions: determination of aims; planning; organization and adjusting; motivation and stimulation; control and monitoring).
security, threat, economic security, system of economic security, system of national security, management of economic security of the enterprise
Exhaustion of traditional energy resources, their uneven geographical location, and catastrophic changes in the environment necessitate the transition to renewable energy resources. Moreover, Ukraine's economy is critically dependent on energy exports, and in some cases, the dependence is not only economic but also political, which in itself poses a threat to national security. One of the ways to solve this problem is the large-scale introduction and use of renewable energy resources, bioenergy in particular. The article summarizes and offers methods for assessing the energy potential of agriculture. In our country, a significant amount of biomass is produced every year, which remains unused. A significant part is disposed of due to incineration, which significantly harms the environment and does not allow earning additional funds. It is investigated that the bioenergy potential of agriculture depends on the geographical distribution and varies in each region of Ukraine. Studies have shown that as of 2019 the smallest share in the total amount of conventional fuel that can be obtained from agricultural waste and products suitable for energy production accounts for Zakarpattya region - 172.5 thousand tons. (0.5% of the total) and Chernivtsi region - 291.3 thousand tons. (0.9%). Poltava region has the greatest potential - 2652.2 thousand tons. (7.8%) and Vinnytsia - 2623.7 thousand tons. (7.7%). It should be noted that the use of the energy potential of biomass in Ukraine can be called unsatisfactory. The share of biomass in the provision of primary energy consumption is very small. For bioenergy to occupy its niche in the general structure of the agro-industrial complex, it is necessary to develop mechanisms for its stimulation. In addition, an effective strategy for the development of the bioenergy sector of agriculture is needed. The article considers the general energy potential of agriculture, its indicative structure. The analysis is also made in terms of areas. In addition, an economic assessment of the possible use of existing potential is identified.
bioenergy, biomass, energy potential, renewable energy resources, agriculture
The paper provides the evaluation of the efficiency of financing the regional policy promotion activities from the EU structural funds and efficiency of funding of national and regional smart specialization strategies’ priorities in 2014-2020. It determines 6 key smart specialization domains among 216 RIS3 of national and regional (NUTS 2) levels: agriculture, food, and biotechnologies; green technologies, energy; transport, mobility, logistics; ICT; life sciences, biotechnologies, pharmacy, biotechnologies; material sciences and intellectual production. Four hypotheses on the close relationship between the investment volumes, directions, and results of their use are empirically verified. The results of the applied correlation analysis show the close relationship between the volumes of funding of the smart-specialization activities and the paces of agricultural output per capita with three clusters of countries by the distribution of funding by the strategic priorities. Regarding the other smart specialization priorities – “environmental technologies, energy efficiency” and “transport, mobility, logistics”, the dependence between the funding from the European Structural and Investment Funds and reducing CO2 emissions from new vehicles is proven. Support of strategic priorities “material science” and “smart production” by European Structural and Investment Funds in 2014-2020 is characterized by growing GRP volumes per capita with clear differences between the developed and average-level EU countries. The reasonability of supporting the implementation of the smart-priority “medicine, pharmacy, healthcare” in most RIS3 of EU countries and the substantial correlation of financial support from EU funds with the paces of state expenses on healthcare increase is substantiated. The conclusions about the efficiency of selected priorities, their high convergence ability, and the capacity to form transnational cooperation are made.
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UDC 336.764.1:352/354:005; JEL R50, H70, O18