The investment capacity of the households of any country is the decisive factor of increasing the wellbeing of each person, population, and socio-economic system of a state in general. Growing nominal and real income of population and creation of respective financial resources that secure their transformation into the investment resource are the major preconditions of improvement of the households’ investment opportunities. Households become increasingly active savers and perspective investors for the domestic economy as they invest temporary free funds in various financial tools. The article examines the study of households, their financial behavior and interests, as increasing the welfare of each individual strengthens the entire socio-economic system of the state. The question of the peculiarities of the formation of financial resources in the conditions of market relations in Ukraine is outlined. Factors influencing their state of formation are determined. The role of household savings in the development of the economy is substantiated, the classification of savings depending on the nature of mobilization is considered. The dynamics of savings attracted by the banking system of Ukraine is analyzed. The situation with deposits of domestic households is outlined, and the dependence of investment decisions of households on the general political and economic situation in the country is demonstrated. Emphasis is placed on non-bank credit institutions, in particular on credit unions and private pension funds, life insurance contracts. The popularity of unorganized savings of households in Ukraine is proved, which is due to the lack of public confidence in financial institutions. The author proposes directions to motivate the savings of households in Ukraine in order to increase the productivity of their operation.
Prospects for the development of united territorial communities in Ukraine and their financial support have been identified and investigated. Attention is drawn to the success of the process of budget decentralization, which largely depends on the financial capacity of local governments, which determines the performance of the functions entrusted to them. The general dynamics of the expenditures of the Consolidated Budget of Ukraine for the maintenance of public administration is analyzed. The efficiency of public administration and control over corruption in Ukraine is calculated. The expenditures per a unit of management of the united territorial communities of the Carpathian region and the united territorial communities of Central Ukraine (per capita and the share of expenditures on public administration in their own revenues) are examined. The analysis shows that the lowest share of public administration expenditures in own revenues (excluding transfers) is peculiar to communities with high financial capacity. United territorial communities with small territory and little population tend to have low financial capacity, and therefore high levels of share of public administration expenditures in their own revenues (excluding transfers). The exception is some small communities where the budget-forming companies are located. The paper proves that the united territorial communities of the Carpathian region in comparison with the united territorial communities of Central Ukraine are characterized by a high share of management expenditures compared to the average Ukrainian value. It is determined that the share of public administration expenditures in own revenues (excluding transfers) is lower with higher financial capacity of the budget, since such expenditures are relatively constant. The author suggests one of the best options for further development for communities, namely joining them with other territorial communities and creating a territorial community of larger size and population, optimizing the number of employees in public administration and the expenses for their maintenance.
united territorial communities, public administration bodies, expenditures for maintenance of public administration bodies, own revenues of united territorial communities, expenditures for maintenance of public administration, efficiency of public administration
The labor migration is one of the factors that increase household incomes. Given the fact that the scale of external labor migration is 14-15% of the total population, it can be argued that income from labor migration in modern conditions is an essential source of aggregate household incomes. The dynamics of the main indicators of Ukrainian labor migration abroad has been tracked. According to the calculations of the National Bank of Poland, the total earnings of Ukrainians in Poland in 2016 amounted to 12.6 billion zloty against 3.6 billion in 2013. The amount of transfers to Ukraine amounted to 8.1 billion zloty (2.22 billion dollars USA), or 2.5 times more than in 2013. These funds play an important role in the social shock absorber, which is a factor in counteracting the poverty of many Ukrainian households. The growing tendency of activation of migration flows in recent years has been substantiated. From 2007 to 2013, the volumes of transfers to Ukraine have steady dynamics to increase, and the decrease in this indicator in 2009 is due to the impact of the financial crisis. In 2014-2015 there was a sharp decline in the indicator, which is explained by the difficult situation in the country. And since 2016, the volume of transfers has increased again. An estimation of remittances of labor migrants to Ukraine by sources of formation and by channels of receipt is carried out. The scale of domestic labor migration and the volume of migration capital are considered. The main directions of using remittances of labor migrants by households of Ukraine are outlined and analyzed. Ukraine receives significant sums of private transfers from abroad. According to the National Bank of Ukraine, in 2016, 5.4 billion dollars were redeployed to the country. The emphasis is placed on the financial and administrative levers of state money transfer policy. The directions of attraction of labor migrants’ remittances for the development of the country are investigated. The necessity of state regulation of migration processes in the context of capital migration is proved. The foreign experience, for example, the countries of Latin America, the Baltic States and the USA concerning the use of migration capital is considered.
labor migrants, migration capital, money transfers of labor migrants, private transfers, money transfer channels
The problems of households’ development in Ukraine, especially the features of formation of the financial relations of households with other market economy actors are considered in the article. The main attention is paid to the investigation of the sources of households’ financial resources formation as well as to the substantiation of the directions of its use efficiency improvement in terms of the owners’ and national economy interests.
Davymuka, S. A., & Klyuchnyk, L. V. (2020). Aktyvy domashnikh hospodarstv u formuvanni investytsiynoho potentsialu Ukrayiny v umovakh sotsial'no-ekonomichnoyi nestabil'nosti [Assets of households in the formation of the investment potential of Ukraine in conditions of socio-economic instability]. Rehional'na ekonomika – Regional economy, 2(96), 85-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36818/1562-0905-2020-2-7 [in Ukrainian]. {re2022.04.027.001}
Klyuchnyk, L. V., & Davymuka, S. A. (2020). Savings and migration capital of households: world experience and domestic realities. Economic and Regional Studies, 14 (2), 170-187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ers-2020-0025 {re2022.04.027.003}
Klyuchnyk, L. V. (2019). Orhanizatsiya publichnoho upravlinnya v terytorial'nykh hromadakh: orhanizatsiyni ta finansovi aspekty [Organization of public administration in territorial communities: organizational and financial aspects]. Rehional'na ekonomika – Regional economy, 4, 104-112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36818/1562-0905-2019-4-9 [in Ukrainian]. {re2022.04.027.004}
Davymuka, S. A., & Klyuchnyk, L. V. (2020). Aktyvy domashnikh hospodarstv u formuvanni investytsiynoho potentsialu Ukrayiny v umovakh sotsial’no-ekonomichnoyi nestabil’nosti [Assets of households in the formation of the investment potential of Ukraine in conditions of socio-economic instability]. Rehional’na ekonomika – Regional economy, 2(96), 85-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36818/1562-0905-2020-2-7 [in Ukrainian]. {re2023.04.067.001}
Klyuchnyk, L., & Davymuka, S. (2020). Savings and migration capital of households: world experience and domestic realities. Economic and Regional Studies, 14 (2), 170-187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ers-2020-0025 {re2023.04.067.004}
Klyuchnyk, L. V. (2019). Orhanizatsiya publichnoho upravlinnya v terytorial’nykh hromadakh: orhanizatsiyni ta finansovi aspekty [Organization of public administration in territorial communities: organizational and financial aspects]. Rehional’na ekonomika – Regional economy, 4, 104-112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36818/1562-0905-2019-4-9 [in Ukrainian]. {re2023.04.067.005}
УКР 
ENG
liliya_ird@i.ua
UDC 330.567.25:330.322(477); JEL D10