The article analyzes an aggregate indicator consisting of 10 components of governance (sub-indices) to assess the competitiveness of cities. The competitiveness of cities is ranked by 10 components. Under conditions of decentralization, the role of local government in economic development is growing, and it is not countries and regions that are competing, but enterprises and their clusters. To assess the business climate in cities, the article summarizes the data of the US Agency for International Development's Report "Competitive Economy of Ukraine" in partnership with Info Sapiens and the Institute for Economic Research and Policy Consulting introducing the Index of Competitiveness of Ukrainian Cities developed through personal interviews with business representatives in Ukrainian cities and with the help of desk research. Indicators and obstacles to increasing the competitiveness of the regions of Ukraine are summarized. The conducted analysis made it possible to establish the negative dynamics of reducing the level of competitiveness of Ukrainian regions and to identify the reasons associated with a significant decline in economic indicators of the regions. Given modernity, among the strategic steps to improve the state regional policy, the article suggests motivating the creation of a favorable environment for business development in the regions; simplifying the business access to finance and the tax administration system; promoting the acquisition of skills, the development of a culture of entrepreneurship, and the formation of responsible behavior; improving the legal framework for compliance with EU standards; promoting the export of business products and services and their internationalization; promoting the process of competitiveness and innovation development, supporting the transfer of knowledge and technology, modernizing the existing infrastructure; strengthening the institutional framework for creating a favorable environment for business growth, monitoring the current business support activities, and their innovation activities.
The implementation of Ukraine's chosen course of authorities’ decentralization contains certain problems, challenges, and even threats that should be taken into account when implementing this strategy in the institutional body of the state, as well as in implementing the state map of productive forces modernization. The purpose of the article is to determine the essence of the concept of methodological strategizing of regional development in the conditions of Ukraine’s institutional base modernization. The article analyzes the main methodological aspects of modernization of the institutional basis of regional development, identifies formal and informal rules, patterns, maxims, factors, methods and vectors of institutional core formation, areas for improving the regulatory framework and civil society development. The essence of the concept of methodological strategizing of regional development in the conditions of Ukraine’s institutional base modernization is determined. The contradictions in the normative-legal base concerning the administrative-territorial structure, formation, and functioning of spatial economic formations on the basis of sustainability, establishment of efficient territorial management by local executive bodies and united territorial communities are emphasized. The modernization of the institutional basis of regional development in the context of authorities’ decentralization is confirmed to be also influenced by various factors that impact the efficiency of the implementation of the national inclusive sustainable development strategy. As a result of the research, the author's vision of the essence of methodological strategizing of regional development, which absolutely needs modernization of the institutional base of state formation, is outlined. The authors point out that the immediate standardization of the strategic course for the authorities’ decentralization in the Constitution of Ukraine should be the priority step in correcting the mistakes and the need for an institutional definition with the rights, responsibilities, and structure of local executive bodies.
institutional core, modernization of institutional base, regional development, localization of economic space, authorities’ decentralization, development of productive forces
The article systematizes the existing theoretical approaches to revealing the essence of the definition "a region’s economic security strategy". The strategy of economic security should be a priority in ensuring the goals of inclusive development of regions, their competitiveness and stability. The order of development of this strategy includes: 1) forming the strategic goals of economic security of the region taking into account the management hierarchy; 2) strategic analysis of the external and internal security environment of the region; 3) identifying the strategy options; 4) determining the strategic alternatives and priorities of economic security of the region; 5) implementing the strategy; 6) monitoring the determinants of the economic security management process; 7) control; 8) adjustment of appropriate measures for economic security in the region. A number of new strategies are proposed: 1) of equalization and elimination of risks, threats, and dangers, 2) of growth and activation of growth poles; 3) of active growth; 4) of advanced safety-oriented development; 5) innovation-investment and adaptive strategies. Strategies for equalization and elimination of risks, threats, and dangers for areas with signs of depression and a critically low level of security are aimed at overcoming imbalances in the socio-economic system of the region and restoring positive economic growth parameters. Strategies for growth and activation of growth poles are focused on identifying profitable economic activities in the region, increasing innovation and investment, and overcoming the existing low level of economic security. Strategies of active growth provide for positive dynamics of development of the economic subsystem in the region and indicators of its security and increase of internal potential for an economic breakthrough. Strategies of advanced security-oriented development are typical for leading regions with a high level of development of the economic subsystem in the region and its security with a focus on the long-term increase of regional economic activity and security indicators. Innovation-investment and adaptive strategies are typical for the region with the highest level of economic security based on the adequacy of financial security and concentration of innovation and investment potential in the region.
economic security of the region, threats, risks, dangers, strategy
The aim of the article is to substantiate the synergetic relationship between the consequences of decentralization of authorities and governance constituting the formation of united territorial communities (UTCs) and new districts and the role of agricultural holdings in creating an inclusive environment within these socio-spatial formations. The methodological basis of the study consists of systemic, synergetic, geographical, socio-economic approaches, which together form an interdisciplinary research paradigm. The methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, SWOT-analysis, methods of comparison, statistics, and sociology are used to examine the processes occurring in rural areas as a result of reforming the basic and district levels of the administrative-territorial organization and their transition to the principles of inclusiveness with the active participation of agricultural holdings. The analysis of socio-economic and political processes occurring within the UTCs and districts has contributed to the identification of their orientation in the following directions: forming the rural-urban agglomerations of the convergent-continuum type; revealing the complementary relationship between agricultural, rural, and inclusive development, which forms the preconditions for the creation of welfare inclusion within the specified space; determining the dimensions of inclusive development of UTCs and districts; disclosing the priority role of agricultural holdings as activators of the process of creating inclusion, provided that they increase their social responsibility for the results of their own economic activities and establish a harmonious partnership between government, business, and society. The originality and novelty of the study lie in the use of the synergies effect in the analysis of interconnected phenomena consolidated by a single focus on the formation of the rural and inclusive environment as decent living conditions for local people, socially-oriented business, and the establishment of efficient rural self-government with the participation of large agri-food companies of the holding type. The article substantiates the conditions, directions, and ways to transform the agricultural holdings into activators of inclusive development of UTCs and districts, which can be used in the process of practical activity of local governments and business entities.
agroholdings, decentralization of authorities and governance, inclusive development, united territorial communities, districts, rural-urban agglomerations, synergy
Considering the processes of social and climate change at the global level, more and more cities worldwide have reformatted development strategies to implement «smart» reforms to ensure sustainable development, increase energy production by expanding renewable resources, and improve waste management. Upgrading to a smart city means improving urban residents’ quality of life by providing cultural, economic, and social development opportunities in a healthy, safe, and inspiring environment. An analysis of the most effective initiatives within the concept of «smart» city, related to the development of «green» buildings with special emphasis on the concept of vertical landscaping. The detailed characteristic of positive effects from the installation of designs of a «green» cloth is given. Among the above advantages of implementing these technologies, reducing pollutant emissions, which are the greenhouse effect’s driving forces, and energy savings are the most significant. Based on the results of the analysis of the effectiveness of the implementation of the concept of vertical landscaping, proposals for the development or improvement of strategies for sustainable development of urban areas with an emphasis on «green» and «smart» technologies.
smart city, green technologies, the concept of a smart city, the concept of vertical landscaping, vertical landscaping
The clear outline of the economic policy motives in the tourism industry of Ukraine, the specification of the purpose of entering the domestic market of tourist services, the formation of the optimal strategic model based on adequate marketing measures, and the opportunity to optimize the process of managing the marketing activities of domestic tourism businesses are the prerequisites for the intensification of marketing activities in tourism. The purpose of this article is to define the role of marketing as a tool in managing the innovative development of the tourism sector of the region. The article proposes a method of a step-by-step study of the marketing environment for domestic touristic entities. The essence of this method is to determine the sequence of research of the target domestic market by business entities based on the analysis of several important factors of the marketing environment. The paper proves that determining the model of the presence of domestic businesses in the market is an important tool for efficient marketing. Marketing analysis has shown that the state tourism policy is the determining factor in the market of tourist services in Ukraine. The directions of activity of the regional marketing stimulation authority are determined. Most legal regulations governing tourism are not properly enforced, which hampers the solution of many pressing problems in the tourism industry. Measures to improve the regulatory framework should be aimed at creating favorable conditions for the development of domestic tourism business and real economic mechanisms to stimulate the development of the tourism industry. Today, the domestic tourist market, including the market of industrial tourism services, faces the task of integration into the European tourism space. At the same time, in order to achieve the possible benefits of integrating cooperation, Ukraine's tourism policy should be aimed at meeting the requirements of the Member States of the European Community and providing the necessary radical changes at all levels of management of the industrial tourism market.
tourism, tourist branch, recreation, market of tourist services, innovations of tourism, infrastructure, tourist flows, strategy
Dairy cattle breeding is the leading animal husbandry sector that takes an essential share in the structure of gross agricultural output, provides access to nutritious food, and secures the continuous flow of funds for economic entities throughout a year. Meanwhile, a stable trend towards the reduction of cow number at agricultural enterprises and households, reduction of milk production and processing, and growing counterfeiting of dairy products has been observed lately. Therefore, the population tends to consume less milk and dairy products. Thus, there is a need to conduct research to determine the factors impacting the regional milk and dairy products market and the perspectives of its further development. The paper aims to determine the perspectives for further development of the regional milk and dairy products market. It stipulates the need to solve the following tasks: to analyze the production and sales of milk by agricultural enterprises and households and production and sales of dairy products; to determine the factors impacting the regional milk and dairy products market; to determine the ways for further development of the regional milk and dairy products market in Sumska oblast. The paper examines the actual condition of the milk and dairy products market in Sumska oblast. In particular, the production and sales of milk by agricultural enterprises and households and production and sales of dairy products are analyzed; the factors impacting the regional milk and dairy products market are determined; the perspectives for further development of the regional milk and dairy products market in Sumska oblast are suggested.
milk market, dairy products market, Sumska oblast
Analysis and consideration of current migration trends in our country, in particular mass interstate migration movements in the context of Ukraine's participation in the European and world migration space, are considered among the important factors in shaping its national policy. Educational migration is a special threat to the socio-economic development of the country and sustainable development of society, as the formation of highly qualified personnel, accumulation of intellectual capital, and increasing scientific and technological potential of the country are among the important factors of economic and social progress. Due to the intensification of interstate migration flows and the development of the quality of the higher education system in foreign educational institutions, migration for education takes a larger share, which is mostly accompanied by constant migration and departure of Ukrainian citizens for permanent residence abroad. The analysis of publications on this issue proves the urgency of educational migration research, and today it remains important to analyze trends in educational migration, find mechanisms to counter the transformation of Ukraine into a country of origin of educational migrants, as well as their repatriation. The article analyzes the educational migration processes in Ukraine in the regional context. The main regional centers of higher education are identified. The focus is on the migration intentions of the population to study abroad and a comparative description of the educational systems of different countries. The order and stages of the admission campaign in foreign educational institutions are described. The essence and features of educational migration are studied and the main reasons that help Ukrainian students to choose foreign higher education institutions are highlighted. The main causes and consequences of educational migration, as well as potential opportunities for educational migration, are identified. Certain benefits and costs associated with educational migration processes are justified. The directions of development of educational migration and effective migration system in Ukraine and its regions, which should take a worthy place in the migration policy of the state, are offered.
The article summarizes the arguments and counter-arguments within the scientific discussion on regulating the development of professional competence of trade workers, as the transformation processes taking place in the context of globalization and European integration put forward new requirements for personnel management at micro and macro levels. This is due to the fact that in the conditions of market development, the most significant transformations take place in the social and labor spheres. The main purpose of the article is to study the state and trends of trade in the context of ensuring the professional competence of employees. Systematization of literature sources and approaches to solving the problem of professional competence of trade workers shows that Ukrainian and foreign scientists have studied professional competence, but in modern conditions, there is a need for critical analysis of trade status and trends in the context of professional competence. The study of this issue was carried out in the following logical sequence: determining the results, forming the main tasks and areas of research on the main indicators of trade, and identifying trends in trade in the context of ensuring the professional competence of employees. The methodological tools of the study include the system of economic laws, concepts, and categories, and the fundamental provisions of modern economic theory and applied economics. An abstract-logical complex approach and methods of analysis and synthesis are the general methodological basis of the research. The trade indicators and trends in their development constitute the object of the study as they contribute to ensuring the professional competence of workers in this industry. The article examines the indicators of the condition and trends of trade and their impact on ensuring the professional competence of employees. The demand for specialties that can be realized in the longer professional activity in trade is investigated. A characterological table of general and professional competencies of management staff and salespeople depending on positions is developed.
trade, trade development, professional competence, staff competencies, general, special (professional) competencies
The arguments and counterarguments in the boundaries of scientific discussion on monitoring the motivational mechanism of securing the labor activity efficiency are generalized. It is related to the fact that the most essential transformations are seen in the social and labor spheres in conditions of market development. The paper aims to define the social factors in the efficiency of labor activity of workers. Systematization of literature sources and approaches to solving the problem of studying the social factors of labor efficiency leads to the conclusion that Ukrainian and foreign scientists have studied the effectiveness of labor activity and the impact of social factors on its increase, but in modern conditions, there is a need for critical analysis at enterprises of various types of economic activity in Ukraine. The study of this issue was carried out in the following logical sequence: determination of results, formation of the main tasks, directions of research of labor remuneration and its structure, determination of tendencies of ensuring the labor activity efficiency. The methodological tools of the study include the system of economic laws, concepts, and categories, the fundamental provisions of modern economic theory and applied economics, statistics. The general methodological basis of the research consists of an abstract-logical complex approach and methods of statistical analysis. The indicators of labor remuneration, the minimum wages, and structures of the wage fund constitute the object of the research because they are the social factors to ensure the efficiency of labor activity. The article examines the indicators of wages, their structure, as well as the impact on ensuring the efficiency of employees. The regional peculiarities in the structure of remuneration are studied and the specific weight of the additional remuneration fund is ranked. The directions of increasing the efficiency of labor activity by strengthening the influence of social factors are offered.
The processes of fiscal decentralization have provided new opportunities for local self-governments: independent formation of local budgets; direct intergovernmental relations; expansion of the tax base, etc. The steps taken in the field of decentralization are currently not systemic. The distribution of fiscal payments between different levels of the budget system is the purpose of the tax system development, which would allow to provide quality social services to the population and influence the economic development of the territory. The main directions of tax system development on the basis of tax management are substantiated as following: strengthening the role of local taxes; establishing the effective interaction of local governments with economic entities operating in the territory to increase budget revenues; ensuring the fair distribution of the tax burden and its reduction while seeking budgetary compensators; strengthening the tax control; ensuring the efficient informational and explanatory work and interaction of local self-government bodies and taxpayers. The author's vision of the tax system within the new architecture of the administrative-territorial system is offered. The inclusion of personal income tax in local taxes and change in the mechanism of crediting the tax to local budgets are substantiated. There are two alternatives to change the procedure for crediting personal income tax to local budgets, due to which the associated burden will be distributed among all participants: 1) crediting personal income tax to local budgets at the place of residence of the individual payer; 2) giving the individual payer the right to choose which budget should include the amount of tax paid (by place of work or place of residence). The directions of increasing the property taxes accumulated in local budgets are defined. The paper develops a model of the form of self-taxation of the population in territorial communities. According to the model, the residents are involved in the accumulation and distribution of tax resources. The suggested model is based on the accumulation of financial resources by a parity principle: the amount of financial contribution of local governments is determined at a level not lower than the amount contributed by residents.
taxes, territorial community, tax management, personal income tax, self-taxation
The approaches of economists, experts, and international expert organizations regarding the prediction of pandemics emergence and prognosis options of economic development in the crisis period are outlined. The paper substantiates the conclusion that despite the previous lessons, numerous predictions, and warnings of experts on the inevitability of economic crisis in the nearest future, the crisis was “unexpected” and the world, not only Ukraine, turned out to be unprepared again. Meanwhile, the so-called catalyzer of changes in the economy – the coronavirus pandemics – turned out to be an important factor. The pandemics has emphasized the systemic problems of both global development and the economy in Ukraine. It has displayed the need to take immediate efficient and real measures in healthcare and economic policy, including global cooperation to overcome its consequences, protection of the vulnerable segments of the population, and strengthening the security system of the countries in terms of operative response and prevention of similar events in the future. The official governmental programs and practices of countries in the world and Ukraine on the support of business and citizens being in difficult circumstances because of coronavirus are analyzed, and the peculiar trends of the process are determined with further definition of the most optimal and perspective examples (lessons) for further application in selection and implementation of mechanisms to fight the economic crisis and its consequences. The paper proves that each country has prepared and continues adjusting its model of anti-crisis activities to minimize economic losses from the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemics and global economic recession based on their priorities and available resources. The practice has shown that Ukrainian officials do not act within the distinct strategy and dwell on the mechanical reproduction of the steps of other countries in form of chaotic and unreasonable actions, and even more so – declarations. The estimations regarding the nature of the impact of the scales of economic activity restrictions on various economic sectors are constantly changing, preventing the opportunity of reliable prognoses because the pandemics hasn’t disappeared anywhere and uncertainty and threats are still essential.
The strategic directions of reforming the economy of Ukraine are analyzed. The author defines the main reasons for the existence of structural imbalances, including limited resources (material, intellectual, financial, investment, innovative); reduction of innovative production; high material and energy intensity of production; a high share of intermediate structure of GRP, which shows a limited production of goods and services with a high share of GVA; low development of innovation infrastructure. The paper proves that the real sector of the economy is in a state of deindustrialization and needs to restore technological, scientific, intellectual, and export capacity. As a result, the author has focused attention on the necessity of systemic reforms in a number of areas, which should become the basis for the dynamic socially-oriented development of Ukraine. The most important reforms include the technological modernization, reindustrialization, increase of high-tech exports, systemic de-shadowing and formation of a competitive environment, business development, expansion of the middle class, modernization of social security and investment attractiveness, development of strategic industries, domestic market development, resource sector growth, and energy efficiency. The structural results of reforming the economy of Ukraine are summarized and indicators that will represent the efficiency of changes in each of the reformed basic areas are identified. For example, the efficiency of the reforms implementation in the social sphere will be displayed by the growth of incomes and the level of life quality and well-being of the population. In the field of education, such results will be summarized by increasing the quality and competitiveness of education, its harmonization with the needs and demands of professionals in the labor market. In the field of healthcare, the changes will be displayed in the creation of a modern reformed health care system with a high level of quality and accessibility of medical services. The decrease of migration activity processes is defined as the main result of the development of the internal labor market.
structural changes, structural reform, system reform, modernization, economy of Ukraine, economic system, structural transformations, strategic directions of reform, efficiency indicators
Globalization of the economy, revolutionary technological changes in production processes, and trade liberalization necessitate the deepening of research on theoretical and methodological aspects of the formation of new models to manage industrial development. The paper highlights a number of theoretical provisions that can serve as conceptual guidelines for the modernization of the industrial management system in Ukraine in the context of modern globalization and technological challenges. In particular, the paper emphasizes that the intellectualization of industrial production necessitates the intellectualization of management processes. The specifics of strategizing the innovative development of the industry are considered. Recommendations for the formation of a "scientific and information shell" of the management system based on the coordination of government, business, educational and scientific institutions, NGOs in the modernization of industrial policy and implementation of a new model of industrial development management are suggested. The basic functions of modernization of the industrial management system (worldview, epistemological, genetic, adaptive, social, economic, ecological, and political) are highlighted. The fundamental schemes to implement the new model of management of industrial development and its intellectualization at the macro level are offered. The importance of the regional level of modernization of industrial development management is noted. In this context, the concept of «smart specialization» based on the idea of taking full account of the benefits and capacity of a particular region, and «good governance» concept is emphasized to deserve special attention.
fourth industrial revolution, Industry 4.0, strategizing, new industrial policy, intellectualization of management, scientific and educational support
The article identifies the main aspects of gastronomy tourism in Ukraine and in the world and possible prospects and trends for further development of gastronomy tourism in our country. The variety of gastronomic festivals and tours in the leading regions of the country available in Ukraine are analyzed. Factors and entities of development of gastronomic tourism in each region and the reasons of their uneven application are allocated. The perspective areas of gastronomy tourism development in Ukraine to create a promising and competitive product on the international market of tourist services are outlined. Ukraine as a new tourism destination is increasingly establishing itself on the tourists’ travel map. The information is supplemented by various ratings from international tourist guides, which recommend travelers to turn their eyes to Ukraine. In Ukraine, the tourism industry is in its infancy, but its operation has a significant impact on the economy and is quite promising. Ukraine has very promising conditions and opportunities for activating the tourist capacity, in particular, due to the availability of unique natural and recreational resources, historical and cultural monuments, rich flora and fauna, areas of various forms of recreation, interesting and delicious dishes. Forming the innovation clusters, which are groups of enterprises, firms, organizations, and institutions operating in one (or several related) business area by economic interests and regional characteristics is one of the perspective forms of economic integration and development in the tourism industry of Ukraine. The advantage and novelty of the cluster approach are that it provides significant importance to the microeconomic component, as well as the territorial and social aspects of economic development. In modern conditions, the improvement of methods of organizational, financial, and resource-based support for tourism development at the macro, meso-, and micro levels is highly relevant. The intensification of the tourism companies’ activity should be based on the expansion of the possibilities of regional investment processes management in the specified direction and the combination of efficient state regulation of the economy with market self-regulation.
tourist industry, gastro tourism, tasting of products and dishes, culinary traditions, tourist flows
The geospace stratification substantiate and its spatial differences reveal based on the analysis of the economic growth dynamics. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the slowdown in economic growth confirmed and its negative consequences for the investment sphere clarified, because the ability of countries to respond adequately to these processes is different. It has been determined that under the globalization influence, the world acts as a single whole, and the core of developed countries and the periphery is formed as well as local civilizations are transformed. Attention focuses on the research of the values problems that determine the state of society development. The research of the essential characteristics of civilizations carried out and the ideas of the main European civilizational schools characterized. Based on M. Rokeach’s concept, the features that characterize values are determined. It confirmed the values that dominate in society are the main element of culture. The model for measuring the cultural variability of the cross-cultural plane, which was developed by the Dutch psychologist G. Hofstede, is detailed, and the influence of cultural characteristics on the new economy formation is analyzed. The «World Values Survey» study has been assessed. It confirmed that, due to the impossibility of full-fledged self-realization of the individual, migration processes activated and their analysis shows a tendency towards growth. It substantiated that in the modern world the questions about the nature of the socio-cultural integrity of civilizations and civilizational ecumene, associated with religious differences and demographic processes, remain unresolved. An assessment of the demographic situation in the world carried out and its growing dynamics and regional asymmetries clarified. A spatial analysis of the distribution of countries in the global space with dominant religions carried out and the main trends in the world religions development revealed. The role of strengthening the intangible component in the structure of modern economic reproduction argues. It confirmed that the potential of the countries and the world development as a whole takes place in the process of deepening cross-civilization-integration processes. The main civilizational challenges of global economic development are formulated, they are formed under the multi-vector processes in the world, including: spatial asymmetry of countries’ development, universalization of values, socio-cultural differences, ethnic problems, religious differences, demographic and migration processes.
civilizational challenges, global economic development, socio-cultural contradictions, intercivilizational interaction, cultural characteristics
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UDC 332.122:339.137:330.33.012(477); JEL O12, M21, R11, R12, R58