The features of the management of large cities’ economies in the Western Region of Ukraine are researched. The main attention is paid to the mechanisms of increasing the efficiency of structural transformations in the city’s economy. In particular, the primary emphasis is on the functioning of financial and organization-management mechanisms. The main barriers that limit the potential for structural transformation of the economy of large cities in the Western Region of Ukraine in modern socio-economic conditions are identified. First of all, in this context, the paper notes the predominance of short-term economic interests of local political elites over the strategic interests of urban development, as well as excessive support of municipal enterprises leading to gradual displacing private business from the local markets of services. As a result, local budgets are used rather inefficiently, and the vast majority of budget expenditures are directed to cover the losses of municipal enterprises, instead of spending on development projects. This causes the actual absence of significant structural changes in the economy of large cities in the Western Region of Ukraine for a long period of time. Improving the situation is possible in case of adequate application of financial and organization-managerial mechanisms to increase the efficiency of structural transformations in the economy of large cities in the Western Region of Ukraine. First of all, it means improving the investment climate, increasing the quality of communal property management, and increasing the share of private business in the urban economy. It is equally important to intensify informational and educational work with the cities’ residents to raise their awareness about the role of private business in the innovative development of the urban economy and in the growing welfare of the local population.
large cities, structural transformations, city economy, financial mechanism, organization-managerial mechanism, economic efficiency
The agro-industrial complex of Ukraine is one of the most relevant segments of the national economy, which provides an adequate level of food security of the regions and the state as a whole, as well as forms a significant amount of domestic expert material. However, institutional miscalculations of the state, underestimation of the peculiarities of the formation and functioning of domestic and foreign food markets, as well as ignoring the role of local governments and civil society institutions in rural development, led to agricultural enrichment, dominance of small-scale production, lack of motivation for integrated development formations, and depopulation of rural areas. The essence of modern EU agricultural policy in the third millennium and the need for our country to join it are studied. Methodological approaches to assessing the impact of agro-industrial enterprises on the integrated development of territorial communities in the context of decentralization of power are developed. The multifaceted nature of the process of functioning of agro-industrial production in the direction of ensuring the development of communities determines the influence of a significant number of factors. Generalizing scientific approaches in this area, all factors can be combined into several aggregate groups: production, consumption, social, institutional, and environmental orientation. The proposed methodological approaches to assessing such impact, in addition, provide an opportunity to develop areas for long-term mutually beneficial development of the entities in this system. The purpose of such promising parameters should be to develop mechanisms to ensure the production of high-quality food products, primarily for domestic consumption; to improve the level and quality of life of rural residents; to improve the system of management of territorial communities and formation of effective schemes of their interaction with business entities; to stimulate the activity of the population of the territories as a locomotive of these processes; to ensure the improvement of the ecological condition of settlements and environmental protection.
agro-industrial enterprise, balance and complexity of development of territorial communities, barriers of development of agro-industrial production, regularities, factors, principles of development, paradigmatic positions, axiological approaches
The issues of delineating the mountain areas as an object of support of socio-economic development are examined. The 2021-2027 State Regional Development Strategy adopted by the Government of Ukraine stipulates the transition to a territory-oriented development policy. The Strategy provides the types of territories that require special attention on part of the state and the application of specific mechanisms and tools to stimulate their development. Mountain areas are indicated among such territories, which requires substantiation and institutionalization of the concept of mountain areas. The paper compares the domestic practice and relevant European approaches to delineation and granting the status of mountain areas to some territories. The features of the methodology of territorial typology in the delineation of mountain areas used in the EU Member States are outlined. In particular, the categories of mountain areas, the methods and criteria for their identification based on digital analysis of topographic data on the relief are indicated. The mechanisms of external support of sustainable development and improvement of the economic competitiveness of mountain areas in the EU Member States are determined. The features of domestic practice in supporting mountain areas focused on mountain settlements are outlined, and the interpretation of mountain areas in strategic documents and legislation of Ukraine is analyzed. The conclusions regarding the need to improve the mechanisms of state support of mountain areas in Ukraine and approaches and criteria to their identification are made. The difficulties of application in Ukraine of the methodology used in the EU due to the lack of necessary mapping-digital framework are emphasized. The option of not abandoning the domestic practice of considering the settlements as mountain ones is suggested. Yet, the category of mountain areas should include the territories of administrative-territorial units of the basic level where half and over half settlements have the mountain status.
mountain areas, identification, typology, development support, European Union, Ukraine
The analysis of the scientific sources devoted to problems of regional development is carried out. The article reveals that the organizational and legal basis for the regional policy has been formed the basic principles of regulation of socio-economic development at the regional level have been determined in Ukraine during the period of independence. The research shows that in the context of continuing administrative reform, the state regional policy, which is part of the national strategy of the socio-economic development of Ukraine, is closely linked to adjusting the administrative-territorial structure of the state. It is implemented by executive authorities and local governments through the system of methods, tools, means, measures for the realization of the defined purposes and maintenance of efficient, complex management of social and economic development at the regional level. The dynamics of the main indicators of socio-economic development at the regional level is presented. The paper shows that the GRP resumed growing in Donetsk and Luhansk regions. The analysis indicates the population reduction in all regions of Ukraine, except for Kyiv region, which is the leader in the number of arrivals; concentration of human resources in industrial regions (25% of the population of Ukraine is concentrated in Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv regions); GRP growth per capita in most oblasts and Poltava, Dnipropetrovsk, Kyiv (excluding Kyiv) oblasts reaching the leading positions; increasing level of concentration of production in cities with a population of over a million: Kyiv, Kharkiv and in the largest regional centers of Ukraine: Dnipro, Odesa, Lviv, and others. The paper proves that public authorities during the development of strategic, program decisions on regional development management should take into account the challenges caused by the geopolitical situation, the global crisis caused by the pandemic, climate change, man-made disasters, etc.
state regional policy, regional development, socio-economic development of regions
The paper evaluates the capacity and defines the development directions for Lvivska oblast as an educational center. The place of education in the GRP of Lvivska oblast and dynamics of employed in science in the region in 2012-2018 are analyzed. The reasons for professional and qualification misbalance at the labor market of Lvivska oblast are examined. The trends that characterize the demographic situation in Lvivska oblast and their socio-demographic consequences for the nearest future are determined. The falling birth rate causes the reduced need for places in pre-school establishments and the annual decline in the number of first-grade pupils, thus leading to the falling number of the working-age population and workforce deficit as well as growing demographic load on the working population. Structural changes in the population distribution by the type of settlement testify to the activation of urbanization processes. The ongoing spatial redistribution of children within the region will lead to misbalances in the load on the educational infrastructure. The gradual decline in the number of persons studying in the general secondary education and vocational establishments and growing number of students in higher education establishments are emphasized. The dynamics of the number of educational facilities and consumers of educational services in the region is analyzed, and the falling number of educational facilities of all levels (excluding the pre-school one) in 2012-2019 is emphasized. The results of the external independent evaluation on Ukrainian language and literature of the 2019 graduates in Lvivska oblast by the types of educational establishments. Transformation processes in higher education are examined, including the optimization of the number of educational establishments, quick development of large universities, losing the positions by small establishments with lower quality of services, and growing education level. A hub is suggested to be used as an organizational ground for the development of an educational domain in the region.
demographic situation, education infrastructure, consumers of educational services, regional policy in education
The role of cultural heritage in the socio-economic development of regions and communities is shown in the paper, namely, its importance for potential development opportunities of the tourism and recreational industry. The model of using cultural heritage at the regional and local levels with the purpose of creation of tourist and recreational cluster "Nevitsky Castle" is proposed. The methodology of attracting internal investments in the form of remittances of migrant workers, budget assignments of all levels, and small business resources for the development of the territory has been elaborated. The current state and features of the territorial organization of Zakarpatska Oblast tourist potential are analyzed. Tourism is proven to be one of the most profitable sectors of the world economy, which is developing most dynamically and is among the most important factors of socio-cultural development that contribute to improving the level and quality of life of the population. That is why attention is paid to the priority of the tourism and recreational industry in the economy of the region. Specific proposals for the implementation of public-private partnership based on the example of the tourist and recreational cluster "Nevitsky Castle" are developed in such a way that everyone gets their own benefit – an investor does not need to buy the land, the state guarantees the permitting and documentary support, creates an infrastructure component, and participates in the restoration of a cultural heritage object, while a private partner invests his own money and entrepreneurial experience, effectively manages his own project, involves modern technology, creates jobs and fills the budget. The creation of appropriate conditions in the real sector of the economy for the return of migrant workers and productive use of their savings and for the implementation of the President of Ukraine initiative "Come back and stay" and the Government Program of micro and small business lending is scientifically substantiated. The systemic use of cultural heritage as an important factor for the social, economic, and cultural development of territories of different administrative levels is recommended.
tourist and recreational cluster, cultural heritage, public-private partnership, regional development
In the context of the global concept of human development, human development is one of the ultimate goals of economic growth, which is embodied in the development strategy of the regions, Chernihiv region in particular. Demographic indicators of the region have a negative trend. In 1995-2019, the population of the region decreased by 27.5%. Migration growth is also negative. As a result, the regional human development index is low (16 out of 22 positions). To radically change the situation, administrative and social measures are required above all for "comfortable life", "social environment" and "decent work" blocks. In the context of decentralization of power, these issues should be solved at the regional level. The article presents the most acute problems and priority measures that will improve the human development index. The creation of new jobs will reduce the unemployment rate, which is at the level of 11.2% of the economically active population. Besides only by increasing household incomes it will be possible to raise the share of expenditures on health care, education, and cultural development. In 2017, households in Chernihiv region in the village spend UAH 214.80 on health care per month per household, for education - UAH 9.60. per family, in the city - UAH 337.55 and UAH 103.76, respectively. Leisure expenses also differ significantly and amount to UAH 155.45 in the city and UAH 43.42 in the village per month per household. The development of competencies and skills on the basis of lifelong learning will allow equalizing the personnel imbalance in the labor market. The approximate financial plan for 2021-2023 for the implementation of the program “Human Resources Development” is UAH 2,102,801. Implementation of the main provisions of regional human development policy will ensure the optimization of the territorial organization of regional economic systems, increase the efficiency of social production, improve the quality of life of the territorial communities’ population, and accelerate region’s development.
human potential, human capital, strategic development, region, regional human development index
The article highlights the problems and prospects of human development, which is the basis for the long-term strategies of social and economic growth of different countries and regions at the present stage. Submitting strategies of this type provides an opportunity to focus on individual empowerment and to build a favorable environment for effective management decisions in the field of forming, maintaining, and restoring human potential. The analysis of the Vinnytsia region human potential dynamics in the regional system of social and economic development factors was carried out. Application of generalized assessment of the regional human development index components allowed the identification of the main trends that characterize the formation of human potential of the territory, including the reproduction of the population, social environment, comfort and quality of life, well-being, decent work, and education. The article emphasizes that despite some positive changes in the social and economic situation of the region and in assessing the parameters of its human development level relative to other regions of Ukraine, Vinnytsia region is now losing its human potential due to negative demographic situation and migration to other regions and countries. The main reason for such dynamics is proven to be related to the outdated structure of the region's economy, the predominance of the agricultural sector, the lack of progressive transformations in the development of high-tech fields of the economy. An important factor is the low level of urbanization of the region, which leads to the spread of less attractive working conditions and less comfortable living conditions. The key factors that cause the growth of urbanization in the region have been identified, including the significant positive impact of the transport and social infrastructure expansion, the lack of which in rural areas leads to a decrease in the level and comfort of life. Without progressive structural changes in the economy and the resettlement system, the loss of human potential will continue.
human development, human potential, region, structure of the region’s economy, urbanization, living conditions
The purpose of the study is to analyze current trends in the evolution of forms of employment under the influence of the economy digitalization, as well as to substantiate the directions and means of public policy to regulate the conditions of effective employment in the new realities. Methods of synthesis and system analysis, groupings, logical analysis, strategic management, and system analysis were used in the research. The most significant characteristics of the sphere of employment in the conditions of the economy digitalization, in particular quantitative flexibility, functional flexibility, and space-time flexibility, are defined. The spheres of economy in which new professions are most in demand in Ukraine in the conditions of development of digitalization processes of the national economy are identified, in particular information and communication technologies, biotechnologies, medicine, energy, and its accumulation, power networks and energy consumption management, transport, especially water and air transport, education, and ecology. The directions, spheres, branches, and concrete sub-branches where new professions are in demand in the conditions of the economy digitalization are defined. The paper emphasizes the leading role of the information and communication technology sector, the development of which largely determines the emergence of new professions. The paper provides the conclusion that in this situation the new forms of employment cover great innovative potential, as well as shadow aspects (informal agreements), which exacerbate the problem of insufficient filling of social funds and reduction of tax revenues to the state budget. The priorities of effective employment policy in Ukraine in the global digitalization of economic relations are outlined based on the principles of flexicurity, best practices, and implementation of innovative solutions in building mutually beneficial and socially responsible relations between employer and employee.
employment, innovative forms, digitalization of the economy, public policy
This article presents a methodological approach to the economic evaluation of the assimilation capacity of biological resources as ecosystem assets of territorial communities. The author evaluated the cost of «work» of the assimilation capacity of trees (taking into account the life cycle of the tree) and compared it with the fees for calculating the amount of damage caused by a violation of nature reserve legislation due to illegal felling or damage to trees and plants to the point of cessation of growth (for each tree felled or damaged to the point of cessation of growth) (Annex 1 to the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of July 24, 2013 № 541 «On approval of fees for calculating the amount of damage caused by violations of nature reserve legislation»). The author concluded that the fees of this resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine are quite low compared to the actual cost of the assimilation capacity of trees. That is, the cost of a tree as a component of the ecosystem will be much higher, because trees also emit oxygen, purify water, and so on. Even lower are the fees for calculating the amount of damage caused to forests by enterprises, institutions, organizations, and citizens by illegal felling and damage to trees and shrubs to the point of cessation of growth (for each tree cut down or damaged to the point of cessation of growth) (Annex 1 to the Cabinet Of Ukraine of July 23, 2008 № 665 «On approval of fees for calculating the amount of damage caused to forests»). The facts that there is no correlation between the actual value of the tree and the above fees, and that the current regulations must be reviewed are emphasized. When carrying out a qualitative assessment of the assimilative potential of bioresources of ecosystem assets of territorial communities, it is advisable to use certain indicators and their criteria. This article presents the indicator of environmental costs for the mining industry. This indicator determines the total financial costs of environmental measures in the production of a unit of marketable products.
The level of development of the network companies functioning at national and international markets shows their capacity to create highly efficient products (services) from the viewpoint of technologies, consumer properties, and market requirements that would secure their competitive positions and financial and economic condition, and improve the innovativeness of the country. The integration with international markets and innovative development for the network structures depends on the development level of organizational, communicational, scientific-technological, and economic characteristics of the activity. Currently, Ukrainian innovative network structures do not lag behind the foreign ones by certain aspects and development directions. Therefore, finding the comparative characteristics of the development of Ukrainian and foreign innovative network companies will contribute to estimating the capacity by the nature of the strengths and weaknesses of these entities. The article systematizes the strengths and weaknesses (problems) of innovative development in the network interaction of participants of Ukrainian and Polish innovative network companies. The article proves that in comparison with the Polish ones, the Ukrainian network structures have a lower level of communication exchange of knowledge, development of interaction between the personnel of the participants, the management of the participants at all levels; less access to scientific laboratories for all network participants due to imperfect guidelines in the use of equipment; insufficient level of joint financing of costs for staffing and training of staff and coordination between members of the networks on cooperation with contractors, which affects the growth of technical and economic indicators. The article reveals that in comparison with Ukrainian innovation networks, Polish companies do not carry out projects for independent creation of intangible assets (technologies, programs), they just adapt the acquired ones. This aspect is a significant advantage of Ukrainian network structures that indicates a higher intellectualization and further prospects.
The development of the tourism services sector ("temporary accommodation and catering") across key indicators and regions is analyzed. The growth rates are identified, the trends and problems of using the potential of the tourism services sector of Ukraine and its regions are outlined. The study establishes that despite the general positive moments of development of the sphere "Temporary accommodation and catering", there is a heterogeneity of tourism development in terms of regions and regional deformations of tourism development, and lack of tendencies to overcome regional disparities. There are inconsistencies in the indicators with a close relationship between the directions and rates of growth. The levels of shadowing of the tourism services sector as a hidden reserve for the development of the tourism sector of Ukraine and its regions, their dynamics for the period from 2013 to 2018, and features and level of shadowing of services by enterprises and individual entrepreneurs in this area are calculated. The paper proves that since 2013, the vast majority of regions have improved their official statistics and removed part of the business in the field of tourism services from the shadow trade; however, as of 2018, about a fifth part of this area (according to key performance indicators) continues to be in the shadows, and the regions with the largest volumes of these services (Kyiv, first of all) have significant shares of business in the "shadow". For a deeper understanding of the nature and factors influencing the shadowing of the sphere of "Temporary accommodation and catering", and a more accurate analysis of the whole sphere, the growth rates by individual indicators of economic entities (legal entities and individuals-entrepreneurs) are compared. The most probable ways of shadowing the economic activity of business entities in the field of tourism are identified, which primarily include hiring workers (methods of employment, wages), the formation of income and profits, and ways to remove their shares from taxation.
tourism services, tourism sphere, temporary accommodation and catering, shadowing of services, level of shadowing, rates of development, regional development
The event market has been developing in Ukraine for less than 15 years. It is a market with high competition, yet, according to experts, a low culture that requires research, study, and improvement. The article reveals the concepts: event industry, event technology, events, event management, event marketing, as well as describes the relationship between them. The event industry sector is studied based on the development of the creative economy in Ukraine. The conceptual model of event organization is built and the interrelation of its elements is investigated. The approaches to the practical application are described. The example of the State Enterprise “Arena Lviv” outlines the problems of development of the event industry in Ukraine in modern conditions, operating during the quarantine period associated with the prevention of the spread of acute respiratory disease COVID-19 in Ukraine. The article determines that in the quarantine period, the number of event measures decreased significantly, in particular, many planned activities were canceled or postponed. To hold events in compliance with all quarantine norms, the State Enterprise “Arena Lviv” proposed a new type and method of events - a project - a car cinema, where spectators stay in their cars and do not lose touch with art. Prospects and ways of further development of the event industry in Ukraine are described. The paper generalizes that for further development of the event industry in Ukraine, it is necessary to create conditions for the interpenetration of spheres that form the basis of the industry. It is determined that the government approaches to the development of the event industry should take into account the fact that the industry makes extensive use of human relations, so it is most vulnerable to emergencies and unusual social situations.
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UDC 330.341.4:[332.122:911.375](477.8); JEL R58