Head of the Department of technological forecasting and innovation policy of the Institute for Economics and Forecasting of NAS of Ukraine; Professor of the Department of management of the Faculty of Economics, Management and Psychology of the Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics; Head of Center of the Center for economic policy studies of the Institute of expert-analytical and scientific research of the National Academy for Public Administration under the President of Ukraine
The approaches of economists, experts, and international expert organizations regarding the prediction of pandemics emergence and prognosis options of economic development in the crisis period are outlined. The paper substantiates the conclusion that despite the previous lessons, numerous predictions, and warnings of experts on the inevitability of economic crisis in the nearest future, the crisis was “unexpected” and the world, not only Ukraine, turned out to be unprepared again. Meanwhile, the so-called catalyzer of changes in the economy – the coronavirus pandemics – turned out to be an important factor. The pandemics has emphasized the systemic problems of both global development and the economy in Ukraine. It has displayed the need to take immediate efficient and real measures in healthcare and economic policy, including global cooperation to overcome its consequences, protection of the vulnerable segments of the population, and strengthening the security system of the countries in terms of operative response and prevention of similar events in the future. The official governmental programs and practices of countries in the world and Ukraine on the support of business and citizens being in difficult circumstances because of coronavirus are analyzed, and the peculiar trends of the process are determined with further definition of the most optimal and perspective examples (lessons) for further application in selection and implementation of mechanisms to fight the economic crisis and its consequences. The paper proves that each country has prepared and continues adjusting its model of anti-crisis activities to minimize economic losses from the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemics and global economic recession based on their priorities and available resources. The practice has shown that Ukrainian officials do not act within the distinct strategy and dwell on the mechanical reproduction of the steps of other countries in form of chaotic and unreasonable actions, and even more so – declarations. The estimations regarding the nature of the impact of the scales of economic activity restrictions on various economic sectors are constantly changing, preventing the opportunity of reliable prognoses because the pandemics hasn’t disappeared anywhere and uncertainty and threats are still essential.
Slow transformations in socio-economic development of Ukrainian regions in the context of public authorities’ decentralization policy show poor efficiency of both state regional policy in general and regional policies of territories’ development in its former forms. This activates discussions and search for more efficient and adequate approaches to management of spatial development in the context of implementation of European integration course, taking into account the experience of European Union. The paper aims to outline the nature of modern role of regions in the context of regional policy and to reveal and explain the trends of practical implementation of new regional policy in the EU with further development of recommendations for authorities to be considered in strategic governance of territorial development in Ukraine. The nature of modern role of regions in the context of regional policy is outlined and conceptual foundations of new EU regional policy are defined. Special attention in paid to the increasing role of local actors and public authorities’ decentralization in the process of regional development governance. The trends of forming and implementation of new regional policy in the EU are revealed and specified, including the compliance with the established European values, interrelation between the goals of the policies of EU regions and cities with stimulation of economic growth and improvement of the quality of life based on strategic investment; structural changes in forming of European budget, innovative imperative of EU regional development and strengthening of external integration of regions. Based on the analysis of European experience, the lessons for authorities responsible for state regional policy of Ukraine are outlined. Targeted recommendations for state authorities are suggested to be taken into account in the process of forming and implementation of regional development strategy in conditions of decentralization of authorities and ongoing European integration processes. Special role is paid to the need to apply “soft” measures of regional policy that contribute to more extended attraction of informal institutes and creation of conditions for involvement of all regional actors into the process of making and accomplishment of management decisions.
regions, new regional policy, trends, decentralization, regional development strategies
The practical sphere of solution of digital economy development problems is the global megatrend, which gains utmost importance at regional level in answer to system challenges. However, the issues of substantiation of preconditions and necessity to introduce the concept of digital regional development in Ukraine remain to be underexamined. Increasing attention should be paid to the phenomenon of spatial differences («digital» inequality, «digital» gap, etc.), which is among the priorities of solution of urgent issues regarding the unequal development of cities and regions. The paper aims to reveal the features and problems of digital economy forming in Ukrainian regions and to develop strategic priorities of strengthening of the digitalization process. The analysis of existing regulative basis of Ukraine of strategic direction shows that legislation covers the issues related to region’s digital economy quite sketchy. Statistical analysis revealed the peculiar tendencies of «digital inequality» as the key problem of digital economy forming in Ukrainian regions. The paper proves that digital economy development brings into fore many state regional policy issues, which should not only be clearly defined, but also systemically solved. The authors characterize some «best practices» of digitalization processes, the analysis of which shoved that some regions begin active participation in the process of forming and implementation of strategic decisions in digital economy, trying to secure their long-term competitive advantages at the markets of new types of technologies, goods and services. Suggestions over strategic priorities of digitalization process strengthening (digital transformation) at regional level as the component of modern state regional policy are developed and substantiated. The paper argues that while the issues of digital economy and society development do not raise any doubts in the leading countries, the processes take place rather slow in Ukraine and with a delay in terms of political actions at state and regional levels that meet the challenges of global trends. All the abovementioned requires the development of appropriate strategic documents; in particular, the IT business participants along with the representatives of regional authorities should form the strategies and individual roadmaps of regions in terms of digitalization development and achievement of the key socio-economic parameters. Major activities on reduction of digital inequality can be conducted in the framework of development and implementation of state subprogram «Elimination of Digital Inequality» as the component of state program «Creation of digital infrastructure in Ukraine», which should be developed and adopted legally.
digital transformation (digitalization); digital economy, «digital inequality», regional policy, strategic directions
Problem: swift modern development of social and economic processes, stipulated by powerful advance of the fourth industrial revolution and unstable geopolitical situation, causes the range of challenges that the regional political initiatives on innovative activity stimulation have to answer to. It significantly influences the forming of the methodology of modern regional economic policy directed at innovative development and requires additional research of the peculiarities of strategic initiatives’ regional aspects. Objective: to define and explain the peculiarities of modern technical and methodological foundations of regional innovative development and to substantiate their influence on forming of regional innovative policy. Research methods – the provisions of regionalism and institutionalism are used as the basis for analysis and synthesis methods application in order to characterize modern scientific concepts of regional innovative development. The principles of modern concepts’ implementation are generalized on the basis of system approach and suggestions over forming of regional innovative policy are made. Research results – the peculiarities of new implementation stages of the concepts of sustainable development, regional innovative ecosystems and «triple spiral» and their influence on forming of regional innovative ecosystems are outlined. Among the most prominent modern developments on the abovementioned issues the most significant are the following: the general methodological aspects of creative economy, mechanisms of creative economy and environment interrelation, employment and dynamics of creative industries’ spatial location, dependence of life quality on creative professions; implementation of inclusive development concept. The fact that nowadays reforming of innovative processes in Ukraine on the regional level in conditions of integration processes strengthening have to be based on positive experience of developed European countries and implementation of European standards of decentralization taking into account domestic specifics («smart specializations») is proven. It will contribute to avoidance of many mistakes, reduction of material expenses and time as well as optimization of the own algorithm of reforms implementation. Conclusions and suggestions – the problem of creation of foundations for new region’s paradigm emerges taking into account the provisions of modern theories of modernization and regional economic activity development (sustainable development concept, theory of regional product life circle and some technological theories) and peculiarities of transition from market model, in particular foreign trade, of regional development to the management one on the basis of innovations. While developing the modern innovative business-model on the level of regional economy, it is necessary to: form additional instruments of professional competences development and optimize the available ones, provide public assistance in order to strengthen the connections between operative links of innovative process and creation of “soft infrastructure” of regional innovative ecosystem (it regards the elements, which are the basis for establishment of cooperation relations), as well as create other stimuli to encourage companies’ cooperation in terms of innovative endeavors.
Problem: solution of social and economic problems through attraction and realization of intellectual capacity requires active regional policy to create stimuli and conditions, when the representatives of creative entrepreneurship will be able to become legitimate agents of economic system and will contribute to territorial sustainable development. For this reason it is necessary to conduct more efficient activity towards establishment of horizontal links between the participants of creative process in the framework of creation of the relevant space on the basis of network interrelation, which requires the development of specific methodology. Purpose: definition of theoretical and methodological basis of forming of creative economy innovative ecosystem in the region and development of its conceptual model and grounding of its use conditions while managing the regional development. Research methods: the authors used the provisions of regionalism and institutionalism theories in terms of the principles of creative economy concept and network management of regional development. On the basis of system approach the conceptual model of creative economy innovative ecosystem forming in the region was developed and peculiarities of interrelations between its components were explained. Results of the research: the nature of interrelation between social and economic development and forming of regional innovative ecosystems is outlined. Capacity of Ukraine in terms of implementation of creative programs and projects is defined. Conditions of regional economic policy implementation mechanism application are determined in terms of establishment of regional innovative ecosystem and strengthening of institutional relations’ role between the agents of economic system in order to form creative sector of economy in a region. The following conditions of efficiency maintenance for management of creative economy ecosystem development are stipulated as following: broad spectrum of political, economic, cultural processes in a region, which manifest themselves in authorities and governance decentralization, strengthening of economic independence, preserving and development of cultural traditions; improvement of regional authorities’ responsibility for the conditions and development of creative capacity in a region. Peculiarities of production of creative product in interrelation with participants of regional market are defined. Conceptual model of creative economy innovative ecosystem forming in the region is developed and basic elements (institutions) of such system are defined. Their role and functions in terms of creation of creative eco environment are characterized in order to maintain efficient use and development of innovative capacity in a region. Conclusions and recommendations: introduction of institutional mechanisms of regional innovative ecosystems forming is a complex scientific-theoretical and practical task of strategic nature and its solution requires development of methodology to define peculiarities of cooperation of creative process participants that takes place at regional level. In terms of expansion of economy network organization we can talk about interactivity that requires information exchange between the agents of relevant institutional environment and therefore stipulates application of modern means of innovative infrastructure, development and realization of program goals in the form of creative projects within the scale of a certain region as well as the necessity to create spaces for creativity and organization of cluster structures. This will allow the creative community of relevant territory to implement opportunities for personal fulfillment and obtaining of additional income.
creative economy, innovative ecosystem of a region, spatial development, innovative ecosystem of region
Problem: identification of intellectual resources and forming of their critical mass at the level of each region should be the strategic task of both central authorities and local governing bodies in order to maintain real possibilities to conduct decentralization policy at local level. Objective: to outline the role of intellectual resources in conducting of decentralization policy and to reveal the problems of their forming in Ukraine on the example of intellectual property institute and taking into account the EU experience. Research methods: provisions of innovation theory in terms of application of open innovation concept principles and provisions of latest regionalism theories were used. On the basis of statistical analysis the evaluation of intellectual property development condition in Ukrainian regions was conducted. Using the analysis and synthesis methods the EU experience in the development of innovation strategies and intellectual property institute was examined. On the basis of system approach the recommendations on state regional policy in terms of region’s intellectual resources attraction to conducting of decentralization reform were given. Research results: the nature and role of intellectual resource was outlined and its connection with the factors of innovative and technological development of regions is determined. Peculiarities of experience were examined and preconditions of forming and development of EU regional economic policy in the course of decentralization and integration were characterized. Regions’ intellectual property condition in Ukraine was analyzed and its influence on the parameters of science-intensity of gross regional product was explained. The problems restraining the forming of intellectual property institute in Ukraine were defined, including the absence of intellectual property long-term development strategy in Ukraine; poor coordination of state authorities’ activity; low activity efficiency of the structures that maintain intellectual property rights’ protection; insufficient system of providing services in terms of intellectual property protection related to general condition of this activity infrastructure, especially in the regions; underdeveloped non-governmental forms of this activity management in the country; shortcomings of valuation, accounting and statistics in the sphere of intellectual property. Recommendations concerning the improvement of regional economic policy mechanisms in terms of attraction, forming and implementation of regions’ intellectual resources and strengthening of regional innovative ecosystem’s role were given. The fact that competitive policy should be taken into account as efficient instrument of regional economic development acceleration in case that it addresses the capacity of innovative activity and human resources development is emphasized. Conclusions and suggestions: qualitative and quantitative characteristics of region’s intellectual resource, on one hand, depend on the condition of socio-economic development and regional innovative systems development, and on the other hand – they directly influence the functioning of regions in terms of decentralization being the key feature of their personality and major driver of strategic tasks implementation and social cohesion forming under the conditions of post-industrial economy. Systemic solution of issues concerning legal protection of intellectual rights and mechanisms of implementation of results achieved in the course of intellectual activity, stimulation of creative activity, outsourcing of technology-intensive production and services and introduction of exclusive innovative business-models are the major aspects of intellectual resources’ role strengthening as the key factor of sustainable regional economic growth under decentralization.
Problem: solution of social and economic problems through innovations requires active policy of creation of stimuli and conditions, when public and private agents of economic system are obliged to invest for the common good. Regional authorities have to find the way to promote local measures that improve the welfare of regional community. Objective: defining of the nature of institutional mechanisms of regional innovative ecosystems development and elaboration of proposals on their implementation in terms of European integration policy. Research methods – provisions of regionalism and institutionalism theories are used in terms of exploitation of principles of open innovations concept and regional development multilevel management. On the basis of system analysis suggestions over the forming of regional innovative ecosystem components and their interrelation are made. Research results – nature of interrelation between social and economic development and forming of regional innovative ecosystems submodels is revealed. Conditions of forming and implementation of regional innovative policy taking into consideration the EU experience are grounded and characterized. Proposals over the improvement of regional economic policy implementation mechanisms in terms of regions’ innovative ecosystem development and strengthening of the role of institutional cooperation between the economic system’s agents are elaborated. The following conditions are proved to be available in order to maintain the efficiency of regional innovative ecosystems development management: broad spectrum of political, economic and cultural processes in a region that are reflected in management and authorities decentralization, strengthening of economic autonomy, preserving and development of cultural and ethical traditions; development of local self-governance system, including drafting local budgets with own sources of its replenishment; availability of the body that adopts regulations of local importance within its competence in order to solve urgent regional problems by individual economic entities in scientific-technological and innovative spheres; increase of regional authorities’ responsibility for existing condition and development of scientific-technological and innovative potential in a region. Conclusions and suggestions – introduction of institutional mechanisms of regional innovative ecosystems forming is a complex scientific-theoretical and practical task of strategic nature. Its solution requires development of the methodology of defining the peculiarities of cooperation between the participants of innovative processes that take place at regional level. It terms of expansion of network organizational economy, we can speak about interactivity that requires information exchange between the agents of the relevant institutional environment and therefore stipulates exploitation of modern technological infrastructure facilities and development and implementation of program objectives in the form of innovative projects within the scale of a concrete region and specific mechanisms of making and implementation of decisions on the development of the most important structural blocks of innovative ecosystem (scientific, informational, production-technological, etc), and their resources maintenance.Рубрика: Дискусії
regional innovative policy, institutional mechanisms, innovative ecosystem of the region
In implementing a policy of decentralization, the search for ways of eliminating most of the regional problems should be aimed at identifying the internal mechanisms of their solution in the region, the most effective and realistic of which is innovative and creative. The purpose of this article is the definition of prerequisites for formation and development of the creative economy of regions and development of proposals on improvement of mechanisms of realization of regional economic policy in the direction of formation of the innovation ecosystem and the role of creative environment. Methods of the research are the theory of innovation in terms of applying the principles of free innovation concept and the provisions of the latest theories of regionalism. With the help of statistical analysis carried out an assessment of innovative development of regions of Ukraine. On the basis of systematic analysis the proposals of concerning regional policy for the formation of the creative economy are developed by authors. The essence of the relationship of innovative development with the formation of the creative economy in the regions is solved. The issues of formation and development of the creative economy of regions based on the experience of the EU are justified and described. The authors analyzed the state of innovativeness of the regions of Ukraine in terms of research intensity of gross regional product. The restrictions are identified that hinder the formation of a modern regional innovation systems in Ukraine, including competence necessary for the development of the creative environment of the knowledge economy, reduce inventive activity in the regions due to the lack of state policy in the sphere of intellectual property management. The proposals on improvement of mechanisms of realization of regional economic policy in the direction of formation of the innovation ecosystem of the region and the strengthening of the role of creative environment are developed. It is proved that the policy in the field of competition should be considered as an effective tool for accelerating economic development of the regions, but it must take into account the potential of innovation and human resource development. Conclusions and proposals – regional economic policy must be systemic in nature, and the challenge of competitiveness, economic modernization and human development to be addressed holistically, taking into account economic, technological, social, cultural and political context. We should consider the region not as a space for industrial production, but as innovation ecosystem, able to cover different levels of structure of an economic system (in contrast to the previous types of innovation systems, which have specific boundaries) and to ensure their integrated relationship-based implementation of an interactive model of the innovation process, which is based on the principles of network movement and network of scientific-technological and innovative activity.
The methodological approaches to the determination of regional development have been considered and the own point of view on description of problem regions has been offered. The necessity of elaboration of new positions of regional policy of innovative direction has been substantiated.
regional development, problem regions, innovative direction, regional policy, innovative structure of the region, strategy of regional economic development
Citations
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УКР 
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fedulova2010@gmail.com
sveta_fedulova@ukr.net
UDC 338.124.4:[338.46:61]; JEL L51