The trends of the share of the main types of economic activity in the gross domestic product of Ukraine during 2010-2023 have been verified. Information is given on the losses caused by the full-scale armed aggression of Russia to the Ukrainian agriculture in terms of main assets and items of indirect losses. The results of research on the availability of personnel and the impact of its shortage on the activities of enterprises in 2021 and 2023 by type of activity are highlighted. The value of the index of agricultural production of crops and livestock in Ukraine in a regional section is analyzed. A structural and dynamic assessment of the cultivated areas of agricultural crops in the regions of Ukraine during the period of the great war was carried out. The change in the volume of production (gross harvest) of agricultural crops in natural terms is diagnosed in correlation with the change in sown areas and productivity. A steady trend towards an increase in the share of enterprises in the production of livestock products was revealed. It was established that despite the generally negative dynamics of the cow population in Ukraine, the vast majority (2/3) of the regions demonstrated an increase in industrial milk production due to increased productivity. It is analytically proved that the problems of the development of Ukrainian agriculture (direct and indirect losses due to the war, reduction of cultivated areas, unstable dynamics of yield and specialization of agricultural production) over the past two years have somewhat changed the spatial architecture of this sector of the national economy. The effectiveness of state stimulation tools for the development of the domestic agricultural sector, in particular, subsidies, guarantees, loans, etc., is shown. in the conditions of martial law and in the perspective of post-war recovery. The effectiveness of state stimulation tools for the development of the domestic agricultural sector, in particular, subsidy, guarantee, credit, etc., is shown. in the conditions of martial law and in the perspective of post-war recovery.
Commodity export is one of the most important sources of foreign currency income, the sufficiency of which significantly depends on the socio-economic stability of Ukraine, especially in the face of Russian military aggression. In addition, Ukrainian commodity exports play an important role in the global market of agricultural products, in particular in the markets of Africa and Asia. The purpose of the article is to verify the challenges for Ukrainian commodity exports in the conditions of war and post-war recovery and to justify the scenarios of its further development. The transformations of the dynamics and structure of domestic commodity exports under the influence of full-scale Russian aggression are assessed. Emphasis is placed on the deterioration of the commodity structure of Ukrainian exports in the direction of increasing the share of raw materials in it. The reasons and the range of discrepancies between the value and the physical volume of exports from Ukraine in terms of product groups and individual (most important) goods over a 20-year period (during 2002-2022) are revealed. Challenges and threats to the growth of Ukrainian commodity exports are analytically substantiated, given the country’s raw material orientation, in particular: high dependence on the situation on the global raw materials markets; sale of raw materials (grain, oil, ores, and metals) at low prices; deterioration of foreign trade conditions for Ukraine; a significant component of imports and tolling in exports. Three scenarios of the development of domestic export potential in the war and post-war periods are substantiated. Emphasis is placed on the socio-economic risks from the implementation of an export-oriented development model in Ukraine. Prospects of increasing the export potential in the conditions of the formation of the newest model of national economic development oriented on the expansion of the domestic market, the support of domestic producers, and the strengthening of the state’s participation in stimulating the development of strategic sectors, primarily the defense-industrial complex, machine-building, and the chemical industry, are theoretically justified.
export, product groups, import, raw products, foreign trade conditions, economic development models
Industry forms the basis of the economy of all developed European countries and Ukraine in particular, as it makes the largest contribution to commodity exports and innovations, ensuring the reproduction of all other sectors and the social sphere due to the mass production of means of production and consumer goods. The purpose of the article is to identify transformations in the industrial sector of the economy of the regions of Ukraine based on a comprehensive assessment of the activity and effectiveness of its functioning in the current period and in dynamics. The results of the calculations prove that industrial production is mainly concentrated in industrial regions, which also demonstrate the highest current level of product innovation and the greatest return on investment in innovation. These regions are characterized by the highest level of production and labor activity in terms of the volume of industrial products sold and labor productivity. At the same time, during 2011-2021, the industrial potential of Ivano-Frankivska, Kyivska, and Lvivska oblasts significantly increased. Vinnytska, Volynska, Donetska, and Ternopilska oblasts demonstrate the highest dynamics of capital investments in industry during this period, while the leaders in foreign direct investments are Kirovohradska, Poltavska, and Chernihivska oblasts. Lvivska, Kyivska, Odeska, Rivnenska, and Khmelnytska oblasts have achieved a noticeable increase in the values of product innovation indicators. However, in general, innovative activity in the industrial sector of Ukraine’s economy is very low. The majority of innovations were produced in Donetska oblast. The full-scale Russian armed aggression has accelerated the transformation processes that have been taking place in the industrial sector of the national economy over the last 10 years, namely the formation of new industrial centers in Ukraine, still small in scale, but with higher (compared to traditionally industrial regions) values and higher positive dynamics of individual indicators of production, labor, and investment activity of industrial enterprises. Such “new industrial” centers are located in the western and central regions, where the largest number of enterprises from the east have relocated.
industrial sector of the economy, regions, industrial potential, production and labor activity, investments, innovations, sold products
Industry forms the basis for the world economy and national economies, in particular, as it provides intermediate and final consumption products to all other sectors (manufacturing, finance, services) and the population. The article aims to develop a methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the industrial sector efficiency at the meso level and its testing on the example of Polish regions. The authors’ methodology includes three main stages of research. The first stage involves calculating the level of industrial economy and innovation of the country and its regions in terms of sales of industrial products, the cost of innovation of industrial enterprises, and net income from the sale of innovative products. The second stage includes an integrated assessment of the industrial sector’s efficiency. For each of the four selected indicators of efficiency (investment, labor, innovation, and profitability), the taxonomic indicators defined as the arithmetic mean of the three standardized indicators are calculated. In the third stage, the regions are ranked according to the values of taxonomic indicators of the current development state and dynamics, as well as the final integrated indicator of the industry efficiency based on the k-average method. The results of the assessments of the industrial sector of the Polish economy according to the authors’ methodology allow distinguishing three groups of regions by type of industry: the first group – traditionally industrial provinces with a high level of the industrial economy but with signs of reduced capacity and increasing product innovation (Mazovia, Lower Silesia, Silesia, Greater Poland, Lesser Poland, Lodz, Pomerania); the second group – voivodships, which occupy a low share in country’s industry, and are characterized by medium or low values of partial indicators of the current state of labor activity but higher indicators of innovation activity and the strongest dynamics (Subcarpathia, Podlaskia, Opole, Lubusz, Lublin); the third group – voivodships, which are characterized by the non-industrial type of economy and mostly low values of industrial activity (Warmia-Masuria, Swietokrzyskie, West Pomerania, Kuyavia-Pomerania).
When planning socio-economic development, the majority of European countries apply approaches set forth in the recommendations for choosing a smart specialization strategy. The methodology of smart specialization is a tool for finding the most competitive, unique sectors of a particular region of the country, the support of which may have a significant positive effect on meso- and macro levels. The article aims to analytically substantiate the criteria for choosing the priority spheres of the smart specialization of the Ukrainian economy on the example of Kharkiv region. This region demonstrates the highest increase in industrial potential and the highest level of innovation in Ukraine. According to the results of the authors’ studies, the trends of key indicators of socio-economic development are established. Among the types of economic activity in Kharkiv region, industry, agriculture, trade, and information and telecommunications are the most promising (from the position of smart specialization). The article empirically proves that the following are the main criteria for choosing directions of smart specialization (specific industries) in the industrial sector of the region’s economy: the innovativeness of products, the efficiency, the level of remuneration. In agriculture, effectiveness is the criterion for choosing smart specialization directions. Its level is reflected in productivity indicators and profitability of production. The choice of trade as a direction of smart specialization of the region is based on two criteria: the specialization in wholesale trade turnover of non-food products; the scale of the domestic component in wholesale trade turnover. The specialization of Kharkiv region in the most innovative segment of information and telecommunication programming, consulting, and related activities indicates the existence of a significant potential for the innovative development of this region.
Ukraine’s integration into the global market has a clear resource-oriented nature, as agricultural products remain the dominant component of domestic merchandise exports. This urges the need to diversify the structure of exports and increase the share of high-tech and medium-tech industries. Given the structural heterogeneity of the formation of domestic merchandise exports in the regional context, the research in this direction is relevant. The purpose of the article is to identify key changes in the export specialization of the regions of Ukraine and to group the latter according to the level of their export activities. Based on the assessment of the structure of merchandise exports of Ukraine and its regions, the export specialization of the latter by commodity groups is determined. The diagnostic study of export activities at the meso-level results from the calculation of indicators that characterize: export orientation of the economy (calculated as the ratio between the value of merchandise exports of the region and gross regional product), export coverage of imports (calculated as the ratio between the values of merchandise exports and merchandise imports of the region), export manufacturability (calculated as the ratio between the values of high-tech exports of the region and merchandise exports in general), the high-tech export orientation of the industry (calculated as the ratio between the value of high-tech exports of the region and the volume of sold industrial products). The regions are divided into four conditional groups according to the level of their export activities, based on the values of the integrated index calculated by the method of the arithmetic mean of partial indicators. Some key trends and problems in the formation and development of Ukraine’s export potential are outlined. Emphasis is placed on the high share of products made from toll raw materials within the high-tech merchandise exports of the vast majority of regions of the Western region. Measures for the implementation of an efficient state policy of export promotion are proposed and their targets are defined.
The production of milk and dairy products is a significant segment of the domestic food industry with a share of 14% in its structure. During 2014-2019, the volume of dairy production in Ukraine decreased by 15.68%, which caused the loss of 5 positions in the world ranking by this indicator. The purpose of the article is to determine the development potential of dairy production in Ukraine in the regional context based on the raw material supply. According to the results of the research, higher efficiency of agricultural enterprises (the share of which in the structure of raw milk production in Ukraine was less than 30%) as compared to households was found. Comparative estimates show that the regional structure of dairy products is more geographically concentrated than the structure of raw milk production. According to the results of grouping of regions of Ukraine by the volume of production of raw milk and its industrial processing products, only four regions had high complex potential in this segment in 2019, two – milk processing potential, six – raw milk potential, while the potential of the remaining 12 regions was insignificant. The transformation of commodity and geographic structures of export-import operations with dairy products in Ukraine was investigated. The main problems of the dairy processing segment of the domestic food industry were identified, namely: insufficient potential and poor quality of the raw material base for industrial dairy processing; interaction imbalance between suppliers of raw milk and industrial producers; the presence of a shadow segment and a high degree of falsification in the domestic dairy market; etc. A number of mechanisms were proposed to further enhance the dairy sector development in Ukraine. The basic directions of state support for agricultural enterprises producing raw milk and industrial enterprises producing dairy products were outlined.
Light industry is one of the basic strategic segments of national economy, providing 5% of budget revenues and 2.6% of Ukrainian merchandise exports. The purpose of the article is to develop proposals to stimulate the development of light industry in Ukraine on the basis of an assessment of the dynamics of its performance at regional level in the context of main results of production and foreign economic activity. The results of the analysis of production activity in the light industry showed the relative stability of the structure of sales volumes in Ukraine, in which in 2018 clothing production accounted for 41.91%, textile production – 35.64% and leather production – 22.45%. The regional structure of domestic light industry remains little diversified. Export potential of light industry of Ukraine is mainly concentrated in two regions – Lviv (25.48%) and Transcarpathia (17.75%). The peculiarity of Ukrainian exports of light industry goods is the high proportion of finished goods made of toll materials. Hence, the priority task for ensuring the development of domestic light industry is to restore (with further increase) the raw materials production for textile and other industries in Ukraine. To solve this problem, it is necessary to create or modernize the facilities for processing wool, flax, industrial hemp, cotton, as well as for production of artificial and synthetic fibers that should be concentrated in regions with favorable conditions for their cultivation and harvesting. These are the mountainous regions of the Carpathians (wool production), as well as Ternopil, Volyn, Polissia, Kherson and others. The organizational form of implementation of such initiatives should be the creation of agro-industrial parks that operate based on the activities of large and medium-sized enterprises for production and processing of raw materials for needs of light industry. On the other hand, cooperation is a promising form of stimulating the development of small agricultural enterprises (small farmers or individuals).
Sufficient supply of woodworking with raw materials while preserving the ecology and rational use of wood is a necessary condition for the functioning of the woodworking industry as one of the key segments of the national economy. The issue is of particular importance given the deepening of world integration processes and the introduction of a moratorium on timber exports from Ukraine. It actualizes the study of the state and dynamics of the formation of raw materials potential of domestic woodworks. The purpose of the article is a structural and dynamic assessment of the economic and environmental aspects of formation of the resource potential of Ukrainian woodworks in comparison with the countries of the European Union, as well as in the regional section by types of wood. In the structure of merchantable wood harvested in Ukraine, fuel wood share increased by 4.3 pp. during 2011-2016, whereas in 2017 it increased by 3.8 pp. compared to 2016 and amounted to 61.4%. Unlike in Ukraine, in the vast majority of EU countries business timber is the basis of the structure of harvested merchantable timber. Thus, in the neighboring countries with similar forest landscape – Poland and the Czech Republic – the share of fuel wood in 2017 was 11.6% and 12.3%, in Slovakia – only 6.3%, and in the EU as a whole – 23. 2%. Hence, the significant deterioration of the structure of the harvested merchantable timber in Ukraine can be interpreted as a threat to environmental, and therefore to national security. On the other hand, the results of the assessments revealed an increase in the volume of commercial timber harvesting in Ukraine (in 18 regions) in 2018, as well as in the level of forest reproduction in the leading regions from the harvesting of merchantable timber (Zhytomyr, Kyiv and Rivne regions) and a decrease in the death rate. The restoration of the logical patterns between the dynamics of the loss of stands and the harvesting of commercial and fuel wood are signs of the beginning of positive tendencies in ensuring the preservation and rationalization of raw potential of domestic woodworks and, at the same time, improving the conditions for deepening the level of wood processing. Further authors’ research in this area will be devoted to the search for effective forms of wood industry development in Ukraine, in particular in the Western region.
woodworking, logging, structure, liquid wood, business wood, fuel wood
Possessing the considerable industrial potential and at the same time transit, natural raw material and human capital, Ukraine still lags behind the Member States of the European Union (EU) in terms of output and the gross value added of industry. The main prerequisites for the poor competitiveness of the domestic industry are the use of outdated technologies and the critical degree of deterioration of fixed assets as well as low efficiency of its operation. The purpose of the article is to identify the main trends and problems of industrial development in Ukraine based on the evaluation of the dynamics of the indicators’ values that systematically characterize the level of the industrial sector functioning in the national economy in a regional context. The results of the analysis showed that industry remains the leading type of economic activity in Ukraine with a share of 31.4% in the volume of sales of the products (goods and services). At the same time, the share of industrial goods in total exports during 2011-2016 decreased by 16.2 percentage points (to 59.5%), and the share of non-current assets in the structure of assets of the industry – down to 45.6%. The growth rates of foreign direct investment in industry in 2016 were negative in 19 districts. By the share of implemented innovative products in the total volume of industrial products sold, Ukraine lags behind Poland almost 9 times. In order to counteract the established negative trends in the development of domestic industry and to increase the level of productivity and profitability of the subjects of industrial activity in Ukraine, the implementation of a complex of organizational and economic and financial mechanisms in the following areas is required: an increase in the level of innovation activity – stimulation of the development of high-tech industries through their selective subsidization on the example of the EU member states, preferential lending and taxation, with the increase of the science-intensive products; activation of foreign direct investment attraction -increasing the access of industrial activity entities to foreign investment resources and raising the level of awareness of foreign investors regarding potential investment patterns; expansion of export potential – stimulation of export activity of subjects of industrial activity by providing them with support in the direction of improving the quality management system of industrial products and ensuring the international certification of production; reducing the cost of industrial products – improving the territorial organization of production and reducing the length of production and sales cycles in industry.
assets, development, efficiency, export, industry, innovation, investments, production
Despite the tendentious decline in the share of industry in total output, the national economy as a whole has a high level of industrialization, compared to the member states of the European Union. Given the globalization of world economic processes and, as a consequence, increased competition in commodity markets, the industrial sector of the national economy needs relevant assessments, the results of which will provide an analytical basis for the formation of trends in state industrial policy, in particular at the regional level. The purpose of the article is to conduct a structural and dynamic assessment of the industrial sector of Ukrainian regions economy. The key indicators that characterize the structure of the industrial sector of the economy and the effectiveness of its functioning are: the share of industry in the release of all types of economic activity, the share of industry in gross value added (GVA) of all types of economic activity, the share of the GVA industry in its output. The results of the calculation of these indicators have shown that during 2013-2015 the structure of the national economy’s industrial sector (by output) and the structure of the industry have undergone some changes in the direction of increasing their share of the processing industry while reducing the share of other types of industrial activity. The most significant of these changes were in the Vinnytsia region. The results of the integrated assessment of the dynamics of structural indicators of the industrial regions of Ukraine revealed in general the most effective functioning of the industrial sector of Poltava region economy, which is explained by the largest (among the regions) share of extractive industry in it and the development of quarries (in particular, gas extraction). The latter is characterized by the highest share of airborne emissions in production (>50 per cent) among industrial activities. A similar situation was observed in the Kirovohrad and Luhansk regions. Instead, Zaporizhzhya region having occupied the 1-st place among the regions of Ukraine by the level of industrialization in the economy in 2015, was an outsider by the indicator of the industry efficiency. This situation is due to a large share of the processing industry (79.57 per cent) in the structure of the industrial sector of the economy of this region. In general, the smallest part of the industrial activity in the production of processing industry is due to their specificity, which is usually in the presence of significant raw material and energy costs in the cost of products of the processing industry. The lowest share of vehicles in the production is peculiar to the production of chemicals and chemical products (10.92 per cent), while the highest is taken by textiles, clothing, leather and other materials (50.82 per cent). However, the share of highly efficient types of processing industries in the structure of the industrial sector of the economy of the Ukrainian regions is relatively small (<15 per cent). The results of the conducted research confirmed the need for further restructuring of the industrial sector of the economy of the Ukrainian regions. Gradual optimization of the structure of domestic industry should take place simultaneously in four directions, that is, to cover all types of industrial activities and their subspecies. A key criterion for such an optimization is the increase in socioeconomic efficiency, which means improvement of the airborne security and its structure, in particular, increasing the share of gross operating profit, mixed income. As the implementation of state industrial policy takes place at the regional level, each oblast needs to form the specialized (in accordance with the needs and opportunities of its economy) strategic directions of industrial restructuring and to develop current programs for their practical implementation.
efficiency, gross value added, industry, output, structure, types of industrial activity
The implementation of a free trade area between Ukraine and the EU member states actualizes cross-border comparative assessments for identifying the competitive advantages of the industrial sector of national economy. Such assessment is correct for the industry of Ukraine and Poland as neighbors, similar in many socio-economic characteristics. The goal of the article is to compare the competitive advantages of industry of Ukraine and Poland at the national and regional levels according to the system of indicators characterizing the efficiency and activity of industrial enterprises. By integrating the set of primary indicators reflecting production, economic and resource efficiencies, as well as economic, industrial, technological, innovation, investment and export activity of industrial enterprises, the corresponding indices, which together determine the competitiveness of the industrial sector, were calculated. The analysis of general integral index revealed that the competitiveness of Polish industry in all the years of analyzed period (2011-2015) was higher than of that of Ukraine industry. This gap became the largest in 2014 (0.956 points), but in 2015 was reduced to a minimum (0.009 points). The latter reflects a significant intensification of industrial activity in Ukraine. This applies to border regions too. Thus, in 2015 (after a sharp drop in 2014) the gap between the levels of industrial competitiveness of Podkarpackie province and Lviv region increased significantly in favor of the latter and made up 0.092 points (in 2013 the gap was 0.048 points). The largest growth in Lviv region was showed by indices of resource efficiency – labor productivity (1.84 times), assets productivity (1.6 times) and manufacturing activity, i.e. the growth rate of industrial product sales (5.45 times) and the share of industrial products in the volume of sales (1.49 times). Instead, the profitability and innovation activity of industrial enterprises in Lviv region are completely unsatisfactory (and in Ukraine as a whole). As a result, many domestic producers are non-competitive on foreign markets today. To solve this problem, it is necessary on the one hand, to improve macroeconomic conditions for the operation of industrial enterprises in Ukraine towards promotion of domestic demand for domestic industrial products and of its supply increase, as well as towards improvement of quality management system for industrial production and acceleration of international certification of enterprises, and on the other – to increase the efficiency of investment and the level of implementation of the innovations into production.
industry, competitive advantages, activity, efficiency, integral indices
The introduction of a free trade zone between Ukraine and the European Union updates the study of dynamics of export-import operations, particularly in terms of product groups. The article aims to determine key trends in the development of foreign trade of Ukraine, and in particular of the Western region, and to work out proposals for improving the balance of payments. The analysis of the dynamics and structure of product export and import found that during the 2013-2016 in Ukraine, and in particular in the Western region, significant changes have occurred in foreign trade. However, in the Western region the nature of these changes (both as to the dynamics and to the structure of export-import operations) was more positive than in Ukraine in general. The results of the calculation of import-export ratio confirmed that major producers in the region – food, wood, light and engineering industries – not only export their products (in priority into the EU markets), but also provide domestic market with them. To overcome the negatives in foreign trade of goods, and thus – to improve the balance of payments, Ukraine needs to implement a set of measures: 1) diversification of the product structures of exports and imports that will minimize the risks related both to the reduced export earnings and to the increased costs on imports in case of world markets decline. For this a list (register) of the potential export product groups should be created for each region as follows: product group ? particular products ? producers. The registry should include those industrial enterprises, which have a higher level of competitive advantages, determined by results of objective comprehensive assessment of domestic producers competitiveness; 2) balancing the structures of export and import in terms of trading partners of Ukraine. In these structures the share of individual countries should not dominate to avoid political and foreign economy risks. For this it is necessary to carry out continuous monitoring of world markets in general, and markets of some macro-regions, as well as to continue the policy of active establishment of foreign relations, particularly at the enterprise level; 3) direction of import substitution policy into enhancing the focusing of certain categories of industrial producers (especially competitive by price) on the domestic markets of both consumer products and industrial ones (goods of intermediate consumption); 4) carrying out the gradual reorientation of investment flows into development of high-tech industries, including through tax and customs stimulation for domestic investors, and through state guarantees for foreign ones.
Theoretical aspects of research of cyclic recurrence of economic processes have been shown. The method for determining the duration of the cycle of simple reproduction, i.e. production and sales (or operating) cycle, has been proposed, which allows to estimate the rate of transformation of current assets of industrial enterprises, and carry out variant calculations of production increase rate by changing the structure of current operating costs. The mathematical model of operating cycle calculation has been elaborated and approved at the level of industrial enterprises. The organizational and economic methods of operating cycle duration shortening at the level of region have been substantiated.
operating cycle, industrial enterprise, production capacity, current operating costs
The undeniable relevance and practical significance of national economy investment issues is revealed by the authors in the article. The research aims to rank Ukraine’s regions by investment efficiency and to develop the proposals to solve the problems of investment activities at national and regional levels. The estimation of change in the position of regions of Ukraine in the ranking of investment attractiveness is done. The regions were ranked in terms of capital and foreign direct investment trends and their growth was analyzed. By the results of the calculation of the integral index the efficiency of investment in the Ukraine regions was evaluated. Gross regional product and capital investments, enterprises financial results and profitable capital investment, industrial output and capital investment, the volume of rendered services and capital investment, innovative products sales and the innovation cost were chosen as five basic indicators for the development of the index indicators. Such a set of indicators provided an opportunity to comprehensively characterize the effectiveness of Ukrainian investment in general and in the regions in particular. The calculation of integral index for 2006-2014 was made on the basis of taxonomy method. In terms of efficiency investments 25 regions of Ukraine have been divided into 6 groups by Sturges method. Its groups have been enlarged in three main ones: the first high level group (the integral index of 0,67?1), the second was intermediate (0,33?0,67) and third – low level (0?0,33). In the article the following ways to improve the investment climate and to increase investment in the Ukrainian regions were suggested by the author: for Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine – to develop the State target economic program of investment for the period until 2020 taking into account the current transformations in the economy and the risks involved and the processes of decentralization and integration; to establish effective mechanism of formation of the organizational, institutional, financial and legal conditions for development of innovation; to form the package of proposals to introduce regulations that will simplify conditions for investment activity; to promote the optimization of industrial structure and to improve the infrastructure, especially the transport one; for regional and local authorities – to increase the effectiveness of regional management through the use of advanced management models in the public sector; to intensify the implementation of public-private partnerships programs, expanding the circle of participants, especially from EU; for regional development centers – to assess the risks of investment activity in the regions and rank the administrative units in terms of their investment attractiveness; to monitor investment projects implemented / not implemented in the region to maximize prevention of risks of the investment activity participants.
investment, region, rating, efficiency, integral index
The wear and tear of fixed capital in Ukraine was critically high (77.3% in 2013) which caused drop in production and was a manifestation of technical and technological backwardness of the real sector of national economy. The main factor for maintaining and increasing the competitiveness of domestic producers on domestic and foreign markets is modernization of their fixed capital. Purpose of the article is to determine the economic conditions and to outline of promising ways of modernization of fixed capital of production enterprises in Lviv region. On the basis of analysis of economic results of the industry, transport and construction in Lviv region, the problematic issues of these economic activities in the current economic conditions were revealed, namely: a high wear degree of fixed assets; low level of innovation in industry; tendentious reduction of engineering structure construction; a sharp decline in transport freight, including road transport; unprofitable activity in the industry, as well as low income from ordinary activities before tax in the construction and transport; increase of unprofitable enterprises number; significant reduction of investment volume in fixed capital in transport. A multicriterial distribution of industrial, construction and transport enterprises according to their forms of fixed capital reproduction was performed. It has been proved that enterprises with degree of wear and tear fixed capital exceeding 65%, require a full technical re-equipment and reconstruction with elements of modernization or even new construction. For other enterprises of industrial sector of the region there are acceptable such forms of fixed capital reproduction as overhaul and partial technical upgrading (for the active part of fixed assets), as well as overhaul and reconstruction (for passive part). A new approach to resource providing of fixed capital modernization of industrial enterprises on the basis of inter-sectoral and inter-regional cooperation has been proposed, and the directions of its activation were outlined. Development of a regional program of modernization of fixed capital, which should be based on an integrated assessment of the state, movement and efficiency of capital use in all regions of Western Ukraine, was initiated. As a result, meeting the challenges of structural, organizational, technical and technological modernization of the enterprises of industrial sector will allow: to increase business activity in the region and its investment attractiveness; to create a balanced transportation system and to realize the transit potential of the region; to improve the overall quality of life.
fixed capital, production sector, efficiency, reproduction, modernization
In the conditions of overcoming the consequences of the socio-political crisis in Ukraine, one of the most important problems hindering the development of the national economy, is an insufficient amount of investment resources attracted in national economy and, above all, in the real sector. The solution to this urgent problem lies in finding reliable sources for financing the investments with their consequent effective use for revival of business activities in all regions of Ukraine. Hence the article is devoted to the determination of dynamics and key trends of investment process in the Western region, as well as to outline the prospects of the development of the industrial sector of Lviv region, in particular in terms of deepening European integration of Ukraine. In this context, the criteria for selecting the priority directions of investment in the region have been grounded through the prism of investment activities indicators. A multifactorial assessment of the impact of structural transformations, forecasted in the branch cut, on the economy of Western region of Ukraine has been conducted, and the optimized structure of investments into fixed capital of the region has been constructed by types of economic activities. Methodological tools to optimize the structure of the sources of capital investment financing, based on the use of elimination method, particularly the method of chain substitutions, have been developed and tested at the level of the Lviv region, which allows to determine the influence of each of the sources of investment resources on the investment profitability.
A new methodological approach to the evaluation of the core capital of the region has been proposed. The basis of the methodology lies on the system of economic and mathematical models for the determination of total and partial integral indices, characterizing the state, reproduction and the level of use of the core capital. According to the results of the calculations, trends of partial integral indices are compared, and tendentious lag (both in all Ukraine and in the Western region) of movement integral index values from the values of indicators of economic status and of core capital effectiveness, has been found. It was proven that inadequate general level of capital renovation was the result of extensive investment process.
The problematic issues and promising operating conditions for industrial sector in the Western region have been outlined, and a number of practical measures to ensure the further development of the industrial, transportation and construction companies have been proposed. The necessity of creating regional public data base (in the form of interactive catalog or registry) of the current and potential modernization projects, which will present comprehensive information on needs in the resources with precise indication of their volumes, the nomenclature (for capital resources), assortment (for materials), qualifications (for labour), has been proved. The introduction of this approach of inter-sectoral interactions into the practice will solve the complex problems of ensuring the development and increasing of competitiveness of economic activities, belonging to the production sphere of the region, i.e. industry, transport and construction.
Results of integrated assessment of technical and economic condition, movement and efficiency of fixed capital in Ukraine and in it’s Western region have been shown up. Dynamics of the set of parameters, which characterize fixed capital, have been analyzed, and causal connections between them during period of 2006-2013 have been defined. Key trends of fixed capital renewal in Ukraine have been determined. A grouping of seven regions of Western Ukraine by the values of total integral index of fixed capital for industry, construction and transport have been carried out. Promising directions of region’s production sphere fixed capital modernization by economic activities have been outlined.
fixed capital, integrated assessment, technical and economic condition, renovation, efficiency, production sphere
Structure of investment in fixed capital of Lviv region according to sources of income and allocation directions has been analyzed. Investment influence on the change of socio-economic parameters of the region development has been evaluated. The key problems of investment process implementation in the region have been determined.
investment, fixed capital, efficiency, types of economic activities
The criteria for selecting the priority directions of investment in the region have been grounded through the prism of investment activities indicators’ performance. Multifactorial assessment of the impact of structural transformations forecasted in the branch cut on the economy of areas of the Western region of Ukraine has been conducted, and the optimized structure of investment in fixed assets in the region by types of economic activity has been constructed.
investments, efficiency, criteria, types of economic activities, optimization
A methodical tool for prognosis scenarios design of regional economy development is offered. The indices of business activity are calculated in seven areas of the Western region of Ukraine. On the basis of the worked out mathematical dependences the objective industrial production development parameters in Lviv area are outlined and the terms of their realization are defined.
economy of region, development, production, prognoses, investments
Economic essence of regional investment attractiveness has been represented and basic criteria of its evaluation have been defined. Both content and fulfillment procedure of complex estimation of regional investment attractiveness have been substantiated and methodical set of tools for its realization has been developed.
investment attractiveness, region, estimation, indices, ratio indices, ratings
The system of indices for the evaluation of the functioning efficiency of the territorial-industrial systems according to three directions: financial state, business activity and level of profitability has been formed. Methodical approach to the choice of basic parameters of differentiation of the industrial territorial systems according to their groups which define their production and financial potential has been offered. Approbation calculations for the industrial territorial systems of the Volyn region have been carried out.
Theoretical and methodical recommendations for determination of the models of current assets financing and indices of the result of financial and business activity of industrial enterprises have been substantiated. Approbation calculations based on the data from financial statements of the companies of machine-building, metal-working and food industry of the Volynian region have been carried out.
industrial enterprises, current assets, personal circulating funds, results of financial and business activity
Citations
Ishchuk, S. O., & Lyakhovska, O. V. (2020). Rozvytok ahropererobnykh vyrobnytstv u rehionakh Ukrayiny: syrovynni aspekty [Development of agro-processing industries in the regions of Ukraine: raw material aspects]: Scientific publication. Lviv: Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of NAS of Ukraine. (Seriya «Rehiony: monitorynh, prohnozy, modeli») [(Series of Regions: monitoring, forecasts, models)] [in Ukrainian]. {re2021.01.020.006}
Ishchuk, S. O. (2018). Diahnostyka strukturnykh zmin u tovarnomu eksporti rehioniv Ukrayiny [Diagnostics of structural changes in commodity exports of regions of Ukraine]. In Sotsial’no-ekonomichni problemy suchasnoho periodu Ukrayiny [Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine]: Vol. (3)131 (pp. 3-9). [in Ukrainian]. {re2021.01.020.007}
Ishchuk, S. O. (2011). Prohnozni modeli upravlinnya rozvytkom ekonomiky rehionu [Forecast models for managing the development of the region’s economy]. Regional’na ekonomika – Regional economy, 4, 21-29. [in Ukrainian]. {re2021.03.005.013}
Ishchuk, S. O., & Sozanskyy, L. Y. (2020). Metodolohichni zasady vyboru potentsiynykh sfer smart spetsializatsiyi rehioniv Ukrayiny [Methodological principles for choosing potential areas of smart specialization of the regions of Ukraine]. Ekonomika ta pravo – Economics and law, 57(2), 32-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2020.02.032 [in Ukrainian]. {re2021.03.046.009}
Ishchuk, S. O., & Lyakhovska, O. V. (2020). Rozvytok ahropererobnykh vyrobnytstv u rehionakh Ukrayiny: syrovynni aspekty [Development of agro-processing industries in the regions of Ukraine: raw material aspects]: Scientific Report. Lviv: Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of NAS of Ukraine. (Seriya «Rehiony: monitorynh, prohnozy, modeli») [(Series of Regions: monitoring, forecasts, models)]. [in Ukrainian]. {re2021.03.046.010}
Ishchuk, S. O. (2018). Reytynh rehioniv Ukrayiny za rivnem konkurentnykh perevah promyslovosti [Rating of the regions of Ukraine by the level of competitive advantages of industry]. Ekonomika ta pravo – Economics and law, 2(50), 92-102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2018.02.092 [in Ukrainian]. {re2022.01.062.004}
Ishchuk, S. O., & Sozanskyy, L. (2017). Promyslovist’ Ukrayiny I Pol’shchi: porivnyal’na otsinka konkurentnykh perevah [Industry of Ukraine and Poland: comparative assessment of competitive advantages]. Rehional’na ekonomika – Regional Economy, 1(83), 72-81. [in Ukrainian]. {re2022.01.062.006}
Ishchuk, S. O. (Ed.) (2018). Konkurentni perevahy promyslovoho sektora ekonomiky Ukrayiny: rehional’nyy vymir [Competitive advantages of the industrial sector of the economy of Ukraine: regional dimension]. Lviv: Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of NAS of Ukraine. (Series «Regions: monitoring, forecasts, models»). Retrieved from http://ird.gov.ua/irdp/p20180601.pdf [in Ukrainian]. {re2023.01.088.012}
Ishchuk, S., Sozanskyy, L., & Pukała, R. (2020). Optimisation of the relationship between structural parameters of the processing industry as a way to increase its efficiency. Engineering Management in Production and Services, 12(2), 7-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/emj-2020-0008 {re2023.01.088.014}
Ishchuk, S. O., & Sozanskyy, L. Y. (2022). Metodychnyy pidkhid do kompleksnoho otsinyuvannya funktsionuvannya promyslovoho sektoru ekonomiky na mezorivni [Methodological approach to the comprehensive assessment of the functioning of the industrial sector at the meso level]. Rehional’na ekonomika – Regional economy, 1(103), 62-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36818/1562-0905-2022-1-6 [in Ukrainian]. {re2023.01.088.015}
Ishchuk, S. O., Polyakova, Yu. V., Ryvak, N. O., & Protsevyat, O. S. (2021). Ukrayins’kyy tovarnyy eksport v umovakh hlobal’nykh ekonomichnykh zmin [Ukrainian commodity exports in conditions of global economic changes]. Lviv: Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of NAS of Ukraine. [in Ukrainian] {re2023.02.104.008}
Ishchuk, S., & Protseviat, O. (2022). Diahnostyka transformatsiy u tovarnomu eksporti rehioniv pid vplyvom povnomasshtabnoyi rosiys’ko-ukrayins’koyi viyny [Diagnostics of transformations in regions’ commodity export under the influence of full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war]. In Sotsial’no-ekonomichni problemy suchasnoho periodu Ukrayiny [Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine]: Vol. 156(4) (pp. 7-13). DOI: https://doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2022-4-2 [in Ukrainian]. {re2024.01.081.004}
Ishchuk, S. O. (2015). Modelyuvannya dynamiky vartosti osnovnoho kapitalu vyrobnychykh pidpryyemstv [Simulating fixed capital dynamics of industrial enterprises]. Ekonomika i prohnozuvannya – Economy and forecasting, 1, 131-139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/eip2015.01.131 [in Ukrainian]. {re2024.02.041.011}
Ishchuk, S. O. (2013). Kontseptual’ni zasady onovlennya osnovnoho kapitalu [Conceptual principles of fixed capital renewal]. In Sotsial’no-ekonomichni problemy suchasnoho periodu Ukrayiny [Socio-economic problems of the modern period of Ukraine]: Vol. 5(103) (pp. 3-13). [in Ukrainian]. {re2024.02.041.012}
Ishchuk, S. O. (Ed.), & Lyakhovska, O. V. (2020). Rozvytok ahropererobnykh vyrobnytstv u rehionakh Ukrayiny: syrovynni aspekty [Development of agro-processing industries in the regions of Ukraine: raw materials aspects]. Lviv: Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of NAS of Ukraine. Retrieved from http://ird.gov.ua/irdp/p20200034.pdf [in Ukrainian]. {re2024.03.096.001}
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UDC 338.43.01(477); JEL Q10, O18