Senior Researcher of the Department of problems of social and humanitarian development of the regions of the Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of NAS of Ukraine
Based on the data of the sociological study (through a survey of employers in the Lviv region) on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the supply and demand for the work of graduates of vocational (and technical) educational institutions (hereinafter referred to as VEI), the needs of employers for qualified workers – VEI graduates are identified. There is a significant shortage of workers in the region; the level of professional training of VEI graduates is average, which requires enterprises to create conditions for additional training directly at the workplace or to give preference to specialists with work experience due to the lack of practical work skills of VEI graduates. There is a low level of cooperation between VEIs and business entities in the region or the one of a purely formal nature, which affects the degree of staffing of enterprises with workers. There is a need to establish cooperation between businesses and VEIs to harmonize the scope and structure of professions and specific professional and qualification characteristics (skills) of graduates. The main obstacles to the spread of dual education include the lack of full, including digital, communication, respectively, coordination of activities between VEIs and businesses in these matters, as well as the unwillingness of businesses to spend time and resources on this. The article substantiates that effective tools for balancing supply and demand for the work of VEI graduates include the development of partnerships with businesses, involvement of employers in the learning process, establishment of an effective dialogue with VEIs; creation of appropriate conditions for practical training, provision of workplaces and laboratories with modern equipment and technologies; introduction of monitoring of the quality of vocational education; formation of regional orders for the training of specialists in VEIs based on the results of longitudinal studies of the state and trends in the development of the labor market, foresight of structural indicators of the employment sector.
The article proves that social resilience is the ability of the system to provide dynamic equilibrium. This approach made it possible to calculate empirical indicators of social resilience within the threshold limit and optimal values. The article substantiates that the emergence of new threats changes the previous state of the system, which can also be within acceptable limits (state of dynamic equilibrium). Social resilience enters into a new state, with different characteristics from the previous one, while not only the structure of the system (composition of elements) changes, but also the system relationships between indicators and the strength of influence of structural components on the system. The authors suggest carrying out studies of social vulnerability through the gradation of social resilience levels, which is a structural and compositional characteristic of the state of the economic system and reflects the functioning of such spheres as the quality of social and labour relations, the level and quality of life and demographic, environmental, and food security. The article proves that the effectiveness of monitoring social resilience for assessing the social vulnerability of the population correlates with the principles of complexity, consistency, hierarchy, adequacy, unambiguity, and continuity. The authors use a methodical approach to the calculation of vectors of threshold values of indicators of social resilience – (1) lower limit – upper limit; (2) lower optimal – upper optimal, which characterizes the permissible interval, the intersection of which means a violation of the equilibrium state. The proposed methodical approach to the study of social vulnerability is based on the formation of a system of components and indicators (grouped into regressors and catalysts), the substantiation of a rational methodology for normalizing indicators, determination of constant or dynamic coefficients of weight significance of indicators and components, as well as threshold values. The conceptual task of regulating catalysts, regressors, and components of social resistance is to determine their level (indicator value) in the system of indicators, which will ensure that the values of the compositional coefficient are found within the optimal threshold values.
vulnerability, social sphere, resilience, population, territory, challenges, indicators
Growing destructive migration characteristics of the current stage of social and economic development of Ukraine prevent the formation of a resource base for ensuring economic security. The article proves that international migration (intellectual, labour, and stationary migration of youth and families), as well as the latest forms of business, intellectual property, and technology migration, have become critical, threatening the sustainable development of the national economy (they deepen socio-demographic disparities and pose a threat to national and economic security due to the loss of resources, complication and deterioration of economic reproduction and revitalization processes). To ensure effective migration regulation and achieve a positive impact of these processes on strengthening the economic security of the national economy in Ukraine, an appropriate toolkit for state regulation of migration according to the components of economic security is proposed. Its introduction makes it possible to ensure the implementation of strategic priorities for the development of the national economy. Strategic vectors of implementation of migration regulation policy in the context of functional components of the system of ensuring economic security are determined: increasing the export potential, increasing the role in the international division of labour through the mobilization of labour resources; reducing the level of energy dependence of the national economy through the development of the internal energy complex and the use of alternative energy supply sources; overcoming systemic problems of sustainable development and forming an environment of economic freedom; technological modernization of the real sector of the economy and development and increase of employment in new types of economic activity in the context of globalization; strengthening of demographic stability by measures of spatial-structural policy and realization of the potential of internal migration; increase of the export potential of the agro-industrial complex in the system of the world food market; ensuring of financial stability at all levels of economic relations; approximation of the quality of life to the EU standards and reduction of social tensions in society; creation of conditions for innovation and technological development, increase of competitiveness of innovative strategic sectors of the economy.
Ensuring the social resistance of the country is a fundamental prerequisite not only for improving the quality of life of the population and its well-being but also for minimizing the social vulnerability of certain categories of the population and territories, reducing social tension, and increasing the level of satisfaction of citizens’ interests. The presence of systemic destabilizing influences on the development of socio-economic relations complicates the implementation of mechanisms and policy tools to weaken the social vulnerability of the population. The article aims to create and test a methodical approach to assessing the level of social vulnerability of the population of Ukraine (spatial approach) and identify differentiated gaps in the values of social vulnerability of the Carpathian region and other regions of Ukraine. The methodology for assessing the level of social vulnerability of the regions of Ukraine provides for the use of an innovative composition of indicators, a multiplicative form of the integrated index, and a formalized verification of the weighting coefficients of indicators. The transformational changes taking place in the economic system and social sphere of the country and its regions have led to the choice of the appropriate structure of the system of social vulnerability indicators for a territory: (1) social tension; (2) employment and labour market; (3) income and expenses of the population; (4) social infrastructure; (5) education. The results of the empirical study show that the oblasts of the Carpathian region have a much higher level of social vulnerability, which correlates with socio-economic trends in the region. Among the regions of the Carpathian region of Ukraine, Lviv region has the highest values of indicators in terms of components ‘Social tension’, ‘Employment and labor market’, ‘Education’, and Transcarpathian region – the lowest. According to the ‘Social Infrastructure’ component, Ivano-Frankivsk region is a leading region. Overcoming the identified destructive influences objectively requires the substantiation of scientific and applied provisions for the formation of an effective mechanism for strengthening the social resilience of the territory in conditions of economic turbulence.
vulnerability, social sphere, resistance, security, integral coefficient, Carpathian region, indicator
The theoretical bases of research of consumer behavior of the population are developed. The main types of behavior according to the criteria of the subject, manifestation sphere, interaction, function, character, state, recurrence, influence, controllability are defined. The criterion of the manifestation sphere allows to select social, legal, cultural, political and economic behavior, one of the subspecies of which is consumer behavior. The consumer behavior can be studied in human, industrial and governmental dimensions. The human dimension allows to analyze consumer behavior at the levels of person, household, population and society. In this regard, the conceptual differences in the understanding of consumer behavior at different institutional and spatial levels are identified. Consumer, investment and savings activities of households in the regions of Ukraine are analyzed. The analysis for 2009-2019 confirmed a gradual increase in consumer aggregate expenditures by region, a nominal increase in the solvency of households, as they consume a smaller part of their cash income and save resources to finance non-consumer needs. However, such changes did not significantly improve the living standards of the population in conditions of instability. About 50 % of total household expenditures go to food and non-alcoholic beverages, while in developed countries households spend no more than 30 % on food. The share of investment expenditures of households, estimated by the average monthly expenditures on the purchase of shares, real estate, construction, capital repairs, bank deposits etc, increased from 4,1 % to 4,6 % for the period 2009-2019 and remains very low levels. The analysis of savings activity showed that the total capacity of households to accumulate resources increased 9,4 times during 2009-2019, but most regions show a lower level of accumulated total resources relative to the national indicator. The structure of consumer expenditures of households in the regions of Ukraine with consumer, investment and savings benchmarks to summarize the calculations is determined, which confirmed the low investment activity in conditions of instability. The generalized structure also indicates excessive interregional differentiation of the structure of consumer expenditures, which requires stimulating the investment activity of households as active agents of economic development.
The purpose of the article is to substantiate new measures of financial control over the development of united territorial communities. The article examines the relevance of the introduction of a system of financial control over the development of united territorial communities in Ukraine. The authors prove that the main goal of proper financial control of the further development of the united territorial communities in Ukraine was actualized for the three reasons: rational distribution and efficient use of financial resources; ensuring the upward dynamics and territories’ sustainable development. The features, goals, and objectives of financial control of the development of territorial communities are outlined. The essence of the concept of financial control of the development of territorial communities is specified. The results of the analysis of several indicators of financial development of the united territorial communities in Lviv region are given and the conclusion about the disproportions of financial support of community development is systematized. The author's methodological approach to the analysis of the integral coefficient of financial capacity of territorial communities of the region is developed. The analysis of the state of financial capacity of the united territorial communities in Lviv region is carried out. The scientific novelty of the research lies in substantiating the author's methodological approaches to grouping and comparative analysis of united territorial communities based on indicators of income and expenditure, grants and subventions from the state budget, which allowed to identify the level of financial capacity and assess the effectiveness of the use of financial resources in each united territorial community in Lviv region. The practical significance of the research is that the implementation of the results of the financial capacity analysis can be used as informative and analytical measures of financial control over the development of local communities. Other perspective guidelines concerning measures of improvement of financial control in the processes of social and economic development of communities are outlined.
socio-economic development of territories, monitoring, control, financial instruments, financial measures, regional development, sustainable growth
The purpose of the study is to analyze current trends in the evolution of forms of employment under the influence of the economy digitalization, as well as to substantiate the directions and means of public policy to regulate the conditions of effective employment in the new realities. Methods of synthesis and system analysis, groupings, logical analysis, strategic management, and system analysis were used in the research. The most significant characteristics of the sphere of employment in the conditions of the economy digitalization, in particular quantitative flexibility, functional flexibility, and space-time flexibility, are defined. The spheres of economy in which new professions are most in demand in Ukraine in the conditions of development of digitalization processes of the national economy are identified, in particular information and communication technologies, biotechnologies, medicine, energy, and its accumulation, power networks and energy consumption management, transport, especially water and air transport, education, and ecology. The directions, spheres, branches, and concrete sub-branches where new professions are in demand in the conditions of the economy digitalization are defined. The paper emphasizes the leading role of the information and communication technology sector, the development of which largely determines the emergence of new professions. The paper provides the conclusion that in this situation the new forms of employment cover great innovative potential, as well as shadow aspects (informal agreements), which exacerbate the problem of insufficient filling of social funds and reduction of tax revenues to the state budget. The priorities of effective employment policy in Ukraine in the global digitalization of economic relations are outlined based on the principles of flexicurity, best practices, and implementation of innovative solutions in building mutually beneficial and socially responsible relations between employer and employee.
employment, innovative forms, digitalization of the economy, public policy
The authors substantiate the relevance of the formation and implementation of state policy in strengthening the financial security of Ukraine by combating tax evasion using offshore zones. The novelty of the research results is the coordination of strategic tasks and strategic priorities of the state policy within the strategic sequences. The practical significance of the results makes them applicable for central authorities to develop a strategy and tactics to strengthen the state's financial security and combat tax evasion using offshore zones. The study uses a scientific method of analysis and synthesis to justify the strategic tasks and strategic priorities of the state policy of strengthening the financial security of Ukraine by combating tax evasion using offshore zones. The purpose of the state policy is defined as strengthening the financial security of Ukraine by combating tax evasion using offshore jurisdictions. The achievement of this goal is connected with the strengthening of a budgetary, monetary-credit, debt security. The authors suggest the following strategic objectives of the state policy: a critical reduction in the unpaid tax payments through the use of offshore jurisdictions and the increase of tax revenues to the budget; preservation of capital in the country and its productive use, in particular as an investment resource; systemic economic de-shadowing; eliminating the manifestations of deviant behaviour by economic agents; formation of the “equal” competitive environment for stimulating the development of SMEs, legal management, innovation, and technological entrepreneurship. The following strategic priorities of state economic regulation should be achieved: improvement of the organizational-managerial system of combating offshore market; establishment of an effective system for monitoring and control of abuses using offshore jurisdictions; building up a full-fledged institutional infrastructure of de-offshoring and de-shadowing of the economy.
state financial security, strategic priorities, offshore jurisdictions, tax evasion
The scientific search for optimal methods to be used for evaluation of the environment of migrant-active population’s socio-economic security is essential because of the lack of specific materials and experience in terms of this type of research in Ukraine. The necessity for continuous monitoring of such processes on the basis of sufficient information support is noted. For this purpose, scientific and methodical bases for construction of the integral index, estimating the environment of migrant’s socio-economic security in Ukraine, have been elaborated and substantiated. Five indicator groups have been established. They are: the reproduction security (risks and favourable conditions for children’s upbringing, good health maintenance, family creation and support); the living standards security (sufficient level of the gross income and consumption, good housing conditions); development security (opportunities of having access to basic secondary, vocational and higher education, to historical and cultural sights, to physical culture and sports); work security (opportunities for employment, professional skills application and reproduction, professional growth, getting wages in accordance with the labour contributed and level of qualification, labour security and safety); the environment and social security (environmental risks and threats to humans, as well as the level of crime and other forms of antisocial (deviant) behaviour). The method of the multidimensional mean value indexes weighting relative to the base period (the Index-Numbers method) has been used in the current research. In terms of the base multidimensional mean value indexes, calculated for the integral indicator, the impact of socio-economic security factors on external migration growth in the country from 2005 to 2014 has been defined and the dynamics of the environment of migrant’s security, as particularly vulnerable social group in Ukraine, have been estimated. It is shown that during the period analysed, the integral index of the environment of migrant-active population’s socio-economic security has a rising tendency. There are some positive changes observed in Ukraine along the lines of improvement of socio-economic security conditions for migrants. However, the range of changes (the integral index level increased in 1,51 times) does not correspond to expectations of most of the migrants (both current and potential). Noted positive developments are considered to be insufficient to curb migratory intentions in the country because of not meeting public needs and demands. The methodology proposed can serve as a basis for further modelling of the level of socio-economic security of migrants in Ukraine, for change forecasting of the integral index of the socio-economic security environment and for scientific substantiation of migration policy.
migration, migrant-active population, socio-economic security, integral index of security environment
Current problems of improvement of social policy on children in Ukraine are outlined. The methodical issues of the level and quality of life analysis are examined. The algorithm of calculation of the integral index of the child’s welfare is proposed.
welfare of the child, standard of living, integral index of welfare
Citations
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Levytska, O., Mulska, O., Ivanyuk, U., Kunytska-Ilyash, M., Vasyltsiv, T., & Lupak, R. (2020). Modelling the Conditions Affecting Population Migration Activity in the Eastern European Region: The Case of Ukraine. Tem Journal, 9(2), 507-514. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM92-12 {re2020.03.081.018}
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Lykholat, S., Mulska, O., & Rozhko, N. (2020). Labour Market of Ukraine in the Conditions of Intensification of Migration Population Processes. In Economics, Entrepreneurship, Management, 7(1), 25-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23939/eem2020.01.025 {re2020.04.106.013}
Mulska, O. P., & Hudzovata, O. O. (2021). Vyklyky finansovoyi hlobalizatsiyi dlya rozvytku terytoriy Ukrayiny: napryamy minimizatsiyi ta rehulyuvannya [Challenges of financial globalization for the development of the territories of Ukraine: directions of minimization and regulation]. Biznes Inform – Business Inform, 1, 164-170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-1-164-170 [in Ukrainian]. {re2021.01.081.008}
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Mulska, O., Vasyltsiv, T., Shushkova, Yu., Kloba, L., & Parfenyuk, Ye. (2022). Assessment of the population’s social resilience environment (the case of the Carpathian region of Ukraine). Problems and Perspectives in Management, 20(1), 407-421. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(1).2022.33 {re2022.02.035.015}
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Bil, M. M., Mulska, O. P., Baranyak, I. Ye., Makhonyuk, O. V., & Karpyak, M. O. (2021). Otsinyuvannya vplyvu mihratsiynoyi mobil’nosti molodi na lyuds’kyy potentsial Karpats’koho rehionu [Estimation of influence of migration mobility of youth on human potential of the Carpathian region]. Lviv: Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of NAS of Ukraine. [in Ukrainian]. {re2022.02.047.013}
Mulska, O. P., Baraniak, I. Ye., Ivaniuk, U. V., & Kolosinska, M. I. (2019). Sotsial’no-demohrafichni chynnyky ta mihratsiyni protsesy naselennya Karpats’koho rehionu [Socio-demographic factors and migration processes of the population in the carpathian region]. Efektyvna ekonomika – Efective economy, 11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32702/2307-2105-2019.11.66 [in Ukrainian]. {re2022.04.050.007}
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Mulska, O., Vasyltsiv, T., Levytska, O., Osinska, O., & Kunytska-Iliash, M. (2022). Assessment of environment of an area’s social vulnerability: ecological aspect. Agricultural and Resource Economics, 8(3), 60-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51599/are.2022.08.03.04 {re2023.03.058.016}
Mulska, O., Vasyltsiv, T., Levytska, O., Osinska, O., & Kunytska-Iliash, M. (2022). Assessment of environment of an area’s social vulnerability: ecological aspect. Agricultural and Resource Economics, 8(3), 60-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51599/are.2022.08.03.04 {re2023.03.070.012}
Semiv, L. K., & Mulska, O. P. (2022). Sotsial’na vrazlyvist’ naselennya Ukrayiny: kontseptual’no-prostorove modelyuvannya [Social vulnerability of the population of Ukraine: conceptual and spatial modeling]. Rehional’na ekonomika –Regional economy, 1(103), 31-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36818/1562-0905-2022-1-3 [in Ukrainian]. {re2023.03.070.013}
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Vasyltsiv, T. H., Mulska, O. P., & Mahas, N. V. (2021). Instrumenty kolektyvno-dohovirnoho pidkhodu do upravlinnya rozvytkom profesiyno-tekhnichnoyi osvity rehionu [Tools of collective-contractual approach to managing the development of vocational and technical education in the region]. Ukrayins'kyy zhurnal prykladnoyi ekonomiky ta tekhniky – Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics and technology 6(2), 147-155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2021-2-19 [in Ukrainian]. {re2024.02.084.001}
Mulska O. P., & Pykus I. O. (2023). Balansuvannya rynku pratsi v Ukrayini: vyklyky, tendentsiyi ta umovy zabezpechennya [Balancing the Labor Market in Ukraine: Challenges, Trends and Conditions for Ensuring]. Akademichni viziyi – Academic visions, 24. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10042985 [in Ukrainian]. {re2024.02.084.009}
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oliochka.mulska@gmail.com
(096)877-3213
UDC 331.5:311.219.1[377.111.1]; JEL J44, O18, I20