Productivity is an indicator of economic efficiency, the use of territorial resources, and the quality of life of the population. The stagnation of economic productivity reflected in the decline in annual growth rates of such partial indicators as labor and capital productivity has been a peculiar trend in Ukraine for many years. The article aims to analyze and systematize methodological approaches to the assessment of the productive capacity of economic sectors. The article analyzes, compares, and systematizes the methodological approaches to the assessment of the productive capacity of economic sectors. It is worth mentioning the lack of a single methodological approach to the assessment of the productive capacity of economic sectors. Moreover, each of the analyzed approaches involves a different set of indicators and analytical tools. Their main advantages and certain disadvantages are identified. In particular, the authors analyze the European and global experience in assessing the productive capacity of the economy. This methodology envisages the use of three areas of measurement of productive capacity, namely: structural-sectoral, spatial-sectoral, and innovation-sectoral. The main processes that American and European scholars focus on when studying economic productivity are highlighted. The article emphasizes the priority of certain factors in increasing the productivity of economic sectors: innovation and technology, capital, labor, foreign trade, etc. It presents the dynamics of Ukraine’s ratings by the level of innovation capacity in 2014-2021 and concludes that Ukraine lacks an active policy and breakthroughs in the promotion of innovation by the state and business. The list of determinants of the productive capacity of regions in the context of its structural-sectoral, spatial-sectoral, and innovation-sectoral dimensions is formed and the main directions of their assessment are determined.
In the pre-war period, the stagnation of economic productivity was observed in Ukraine. It was manifested by a decrease in the annual growth rates of labor and capital productivity. The natural consequences of this include the inability to increase the growth rate of employees’ wages and their purchasing power, the increase in the share of raw material exports in the total volume, the country's growing dependence on energy imports, etc. The lack of positive productivity dynamics is related to the lack of active encouragement of domestic enterprises to improve resource efficiency. The article aims to substantiate the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of the productive capacity of the regional economy in Ukraine and determine its potential growth accelerators across spatial and sectoral determinants. The evolution of the theoretical basis of the concept of economic productivity at the national and regional levels is examined. Based on the interpretation of the concepts of “productivity” and “capacity”, the authors offer their definition of the meaning of the term “regional productive capacity”. The article characterizes the achievements of foreign researchers regarding the study of regional development features and problems of productivity; identification and assessment of the impact of spatial factors on the productivity of the economy of territorial systems of different hierarchical levels; identification of spatial determinants of regional productive capacity. Based on the analysis of the experience of empirical research on assessing the impact of spatial factors on economic productivity, the article outlines a number of its growth patterns. The specific nature of interregional and intraregional productivity disparities is presented. The article proves that the interaction of spatial and sectoral determinants determines the level of productivity of the national, regional, and individual territorial communities’ economies. Special attention is paid to the issue of resource productivity. Ways for further theoretical and practical studies of regional productive capacity are suggested.
The article argues that the developed transport infrastructure is quite essential for the maintenance of dynamic, balanced, and efficient functioning of all economic sectors in Ukrainian regions and the socio-economic development of the country as a whole. It emphasizes that as of the beginning of the war, Ukraine had a well-developed and powerful transport infrastructure that included railway, marine, river, road, air, and pipeline transport. The authors point out that the damage and destruction of transport infrastructure in Ukraine is currently a substantial problem for the shipment and delivery of humanitarian aid to the northern regions of Ukraine. The article aims to research the transport infrastructure losses in Ukrainian regions caused by hostilities and determine the perspectives of recovery and diversification of the transport logistics routes. It provides the analysis of the pre-war transport infrastructure condition in Ukraine, which shows that the development of public automobile routes in the country fails to meet the motorization needs and paces. The level of pre-war transport infrastructure development in Ukraine is compared to those of developed countries. The functioning problems of transport infrastructure and logistics centers caused by the Russian military aggression are analyzed, including the main transport infrastructure losses in Ukrainian regions from hostilities. The article argues that it is not sufficient to assess the efficiency of the transport network spatial distribution only based on the density of transport networks. European methodology based on the parameters displaying the person-centered approach to the assessment of the transport infrastructure efficiency and opportunities for its improvement should be applied to assess transport productivity. The approach provides that the productivity of transport networks is assessed by the parameters of their accessibility and proximity to the population. The article emphasizes the features of the pre-war regulatory and program frameworks for the processes of transport infrastructure modernization. A range of regulatory innovations developed by the Government to improve logistics and transportation in current realities is analyzed. The major obstacles to efficient transport logistics are outlined. The main constraints are determined, and favorable factors of the transport infrastructure development in Ukraine are identified. The article addresses the issues of transport routes and cargo traffic diversification. The main attention is focused on the perspectives of the transport infrastructure recovery and the search for new logistics routes for goods promotion.
transport, transport infrastructure, automobile routes, logistics, transport logistics, logistics flows, logistics system
The paper aims to analyze the dynamics and trends in structural-technological changes across the levels of production performance and sectoral structure of the economy in terms of determining the smart specialization development perspectives in Ukrainian regions. Special attention is paid to the fact that nowadays European countries are intensively using smart specialization strategies (S3) to accelerate innovative development, carry out structural-technological modernization, and improve regional competitiveness. The experience of EU Member States in smart specialization directed at abandoning the traditional policy of public support of certain economic activity types to support technological innovations in the most promising economic sectors is analyzed. The paper focuses on the evaluation of structural-technological changes in the economies of Ukrainian regions. The technological structure of manufacturing in Ukrainian regions is evaluated across three main production levels: high-tech, medium-tech, and low-tech. The fact that the dominating share of production in the structure of manufacture of Ukrainian regions belongs to medium- and low-tech levels, which does not correspond to global trends, is emphasized. Regional distribution by the share of high- and medium-tech products in total production, the dynamics of structural changes in Ukrainian industry by the production performance level, and sectoral structure of GVA in the context of determining the smart specialization of regional economies are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the main tasks of improving the structural policy efficiency towards the development of regions based on smart specialization. The paper argues that the analysis of technological and sectoral structures of the economies of regions in the context of smart specialization testifies to the need to develop an active public position regarding the introduction of a range of measures of public regional policy, structural policy, and a range of sectoral policies.
Technological development of society is of unequal cyclic nature and is characterized by changing periods of economic growth, stagnation phases, and technological crises. The new wave of technological changes and new technological basis corresponding to the technological paradigm boost the role of innovations and displace the traditional factors of economic growth. Currently, intellectual and scientific-technical capacity are the main economic development resources. The use of innovation and new knowledge change the technological structure of the economy, increase the elements of the innovative economy, knowledge economy, and digital economy, i.e. the new technological paradigm is formed. The paper aims to research the basic determinants of technological paradigms’ forming and development, and determining their key features, as well as to analyze social transformations of the EU Member States and Ukraine. The paper focuses attention on the research of the features of social transformations. The structural transformations are analyzed based on the Bertelsmann Transformation Index that estimates the quality of democracy, market economy, and political governance. The transformation processes are assessed on the example of the EU Member States and Ukraine. The authors argue that social transformations and structural changes in the economy are related to the change of technological paradigms that boost the economic modernization and gradual progressive development of humanity in general. The nature and main determinants of 5 industrial and 2 post-industrial technological paradigms are outlined. Their general features and main areas of basic technologies implementation emerging in the realization of a certain technological paradigm are explained. The conclusions regarding the fact that innovative technologies and available scientific-technological resources define the main vector of economic development are made. The new emerging technological paradigm is of strategic importance for society development.
The paper emphasizes that development of border infrastructure according to standards and requirements of international standards is one of the major tasks of the measures taken to increase transit capacity of border areas. Therefore, the issues of border infrastructure development should be one of the priority tasks of both central and local authorities. Nowadays, although there is a range of regulative, legal and strategic documents developed to support the functioning of border infrastructure, they need improvement oriented on new requirements and European integration course of Ukraine. The paper aims to analyze regulative, legal and program documents to develop border infrastructure, reveal problem and controversial points in them and suggest recommendations regarding their elimination. Special attention is paid to analysis of the range of legal, regulative, strategic and program documents to support the development of border infrastructure. In the first place, they are the documents that regulate the activity in cross-border cooperation, spatial development and territorial planning, transport activity and transport networks functioning as well as regulative acts regarding the activity of state border service and border crossing points, etc. Among the analyzed documents are the Laws of Ukraine “On Cross-Border Cooperation”, “On General Scheme of Planning of the Territory of Ukraine”, “On Regulation of Urban Planning Activity”, “On Automobile Roads”, “On the Sources of Funding of Road Economy of Ukraine”, “On Concessions to Build and Maintain Roads”, “On Public-Private Partnership”. Moreover, a range of documents of strategic nature, which substantiate the place of border infrastructure in implementation of long-term priorities of Ukraine’s development and defines the perspectives of its modernization, is analyzed, namely 2020 State Regional Development Strategy, Concept of Creation and Functioning of National Network of International Transport Corridors in Ukraine, State Border Service Development Strategy, 2030 National Transport Strategy of Ukraine, Concept of Reforming of Transport Sector of Economy, Concept of State Targeted Law Enforcement Program “2020 Development and Reconstruction of State Border”. Program documents of border infrastructure development support are also analyzed, namely 2016-2020 State Program of Cross-Border Cooperation Development and 2018-2022State Targeted Economic Program of Public Automobile Roads Development.
The paper pays special attention to the basic provisions of the new state regional policy paradigm in Ukraine, which should take into account the modern peculiarities of current reforms in the sphere of authorities’ decentralization. Innovations of this policy are characterized in terms of its priorities and strategic goals of State Regional Development Strategy as well as its implementation instruments for the nearest future. The system of state regional policy’s principles in terms of economic security maintenance as the system condition of competitive positions forming for the economy of Ukrainian regions is outlined. The list of activities to be undertaken in the sphere of legislative ground improvement and economic security strengthening is drawn. Priority directions of regional authorities’ activity directed at attraction and exploitation of modern set of instruments of management influence are suggested.
state regional policy, competitive ability, regions’ economic security, principles, strategic goals, set of instruments
The article outlines the theoretical principles of reforming of the health care system in Ukraine in the conditions of decentralization, explores the peculiarities and directions of implementation of health care reforms, identifies the problems of organization of the system of medical care in Ukraine and the possible ways of improving the medical care of the population in the context of decentralization reform. The essence of the notion of a hospital district as a functional association of health facilities located on the relevant territory, which provides provision of secondary (specialized) medical care to the population of this territory, is considered and outlined. The criteria of the formation of hospital districts are defined, the features of establishing boundaries and the composition of the district as well as the technical process of its creation are highlighted. The essence and principles of the functioning of the Hospital Council, its main tasks and functions are determined. The sources of funding the activities approved in the Hospital District Development Plan for the next five years are determined. The development of the plan for the development of the hospital district in order to determine the actual loading of medical infrastructure objects and the distribution of relevant functions is emphasized, among which, in particular, the directing of flows to the medical institution with the corresponding level of technical and personnel support. In order to avoid numerous questions about the decentralization reform in the field of health care of the population in Ukraine, it is also necessary to conduct a large-scale information campaign among the regions in terms of clarifying the areas of responsibility of the central and regional authorities in relation to the principles of the functioning of the established hospital districts, as well as to reduce the political and social tension.
decentralization, reform of health care system, medical infrastructure, hospital district
The article highlights scientific achievements of М. І. Dolishniy in terms of forming of Lviv Regionalistics School. Wide spectrum of scientist’s scientific research is outlined, in particular in the sphere of forming of state regional policy legislative maintenance, strategic planning of regions’ socio-economic development, economic zoning and countries’ macroregionalization, conducting of administrative and territorial reform, structural reconstruction of regions’ economy and cross-border cooperation. Special attention is paid to active state-leading position over maintenance of Ukraine’s territorial integrity and understanding of important role of country’s scientific potential in implementation of necessary for the country’s economy reforms in terms of strengthening of European integration processes and globalization.Рубрика:
The necessity of raising the question of improvement of regional policy in Ukraine and mechanisms for its implementation is described. It is proved that under Ukrainian realities minor intermediate results of the transformation of the Ukrainian economy to a market economy did not change: macroeconomic instability, increasingly uneven regional development, growth and differentiation level of disproportionality. unstable and inconsistent reforms in regional development has led to a lack of clear and consistent basic parameters of state regional policy.
Based on analysis of features of formation of state regional policy in Ukraine the stages of its evolution is marked. The main stages of forming meaningful characteristics of regional policy, that reflect the its implementation tactics and tools of managerial influence on the processes of regional development are defined. Also article deals with regulatory and legal framework reforms that took place during the years of independence of Ukraine from 1991 to present.
The basic disadvantages of its implementation, particularly in the area of strategic planning, intergovernmental relations, relations between business and government regulation of intra-regional and inter-territorial issues are analysed. Fundamental position, direction and priority targets of modernization of state regional policy in Ukraine that will apply to ensure decentralization of power, strengthening the real government and rationalization of management impacts on socio-economic development of regions by transferring powers and resources for their implementation at regional and local level are proved.
Attention is focused on the role of the Lviv school Regional studies in the formation of methodological principles of regional policy of Ukraine, development of strategic and legal documents of the national and regional levels for improving regional competitiveness and identify strategic prospects of their development.
state regional policy, regional development strategy, decentralization, local government
The article reveals the essence of the existing methodological approaches to the interpretation of the concept of «market potential», defined by its structural elements. Determined the structure of the market potential», analyzed the domestic market, and indicated methodological basis for the definition of this formalization. This article shows the pioneers of this conception, and analyzes current trends define this conception. In this work consolidated methodological approaches to defining the essence of the concept of «market potential in the region, «as scientists, and foreign, analyzed historical trends in the interpretation of this concept. The essence of the approach to the determination of this question is important because the formation of market potential due to low domestic economy topical issues, and closes on itself solve many problems because the essence of the concept study of market potential is urgent scientific problems and unresolved issues lead to greater dependence national economy on the world market conjuncture.
The attention is focused on the evolutionary aspects of spatial economics and theoretical concepts, using this definition. On the basis of summarizing the theoretical foundations of modern economics and justification of the research plane spatial economy reveals the fundamental provisions of the economic theories that underlie research market potential areas and features of the functioning of local markets. The authors emphasize the scientists proposed calculation algorithm evaluating the market potential and the factors that influence its formation.
The author gives the definition of «market potential in the region, «which is based on consideration of its industrial and consumer market opportunities and infrastructural features ensure its functioning.
Outlines promising areas of scientific research market space regions, in particular the problems of domestic regional markets, factors in the formation and use of market potential regions of Ukraine and the methods of its evaluation as a strategy of any entity considers its competitive position in the market for goods and services and specific consumer behavior of their customers.
market potential of the region, domestic market, demand, supply, consumption potential, production potential
Reveals the essence of approaches to the interpretation of the concept “network business structure” and offered an author’s definition. The attention to competitive advantages of functioning network enterprise structures, their role in the development of national economy and domestic entrepreneurship. Classification of network business structures is offered, analyzed competitive advantages and disadvantages of network forms of business organization.
The evolution of approaches to economic space districting of Ukraine are investigated and necessity of its modernization in conditions of innovative types of economic activity development, appearance of new organizational forms of entrepreneurial activity, strengthening of spatial competition and influence of globalization processes is proved. New ideology of districting, essence of which consists in transition from territorial approach, basis of which are power cycles to the network based on structuring of economic space on principles of economy clusterization is offered,. The comparative analysis of classic and new paradigms of the economic districting is conducted. The necessity of achieving of interregional integration co-operations of Ukraine regions and forming of new competitive at international level economic districts is determined.
districting, spatially-institutional structure of economy, classic paradigm of districting, new paradigm of districting, economic district
Methodological approaches to the understanding of unity of economic space of the country are substantiated. Attention is accented on the problems of spatial integration of markets and terms, methodical approaches and methods of estimation of integrating of regional markets of commodities are examined. The degree of the integrating of regional and national markets has been analysed and factors influencing these processes has been determined.
unity of economic space, spatial integrating of the market, divergence of regional prices
Citations
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Shults, S. L., & Lutskiv, O. M. (2021). Strukturno-tekhnolohichni zrushennya v ekonomitsi rehioniv u konteksti perspektyv rozvytku smart-spetsializatsiyi [Structural and technological shifts in the economy of regions in the context of prospects for the development of smart specialization]. Rehional’na ekonomika – Regional economy, 2(100), 15-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36818/1562-0905-2021-2-2 [in Ukrainian]. {re2023.02.041.009}
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Shults, S., Yanovych, A., Prytula, Kh., Ozarko, K., & Bilyk, I. (2023). Resource productivity in an economy of regions: analysis of foreign experience. Amazonia Investiga, 12(67), 96-105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2023.67.07.9 {re2023.04.046.001}
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UDC 338.24.01; JEL E22, C67, O40